{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T22:14:45Z","timestamp":1794262485126,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,20]],"date-time":"2002-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1019260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:04:51Z","timestamp":1047377091000},"page":"138-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Irritant dermatitis, irritancy and its role in allergic contact dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"H. R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. A.","family":"Basketter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"McFadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB1|cit1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Contact Dermatitis","author":"Linsby","year":"2001:"},{"issue":"suppl.","key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB2|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.1998.25","article-title":"Characterisation of detergent-induced barrier alteration","volume":"3","author":"Fartasch","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB3|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12365467","article-title":"Surfactant-induced stratum corneum hydration in vivo: prediction of the irritant potential of anionic surfactants","volume":"101","author":"Wilhelm","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB4|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115884","article-title":"Cutaneous barrier pertubation stimulates cytokine production in the epidermis of mice","volume":"90","author":"Wood","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB5|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00002.x","article-title":"Acute irritant contact dermatitis: recovery time in man","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB6|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12319895","article-title":"Epidermal changes induced by irritants in man: a light and electron microscopic study","volume":"93","author":"Willis","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB7|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12514510","article-title":"Diferential effects of structurally unrelated cheical irritants on the density and morphology of epidermal CD1+ cells","volume":"95","author":"Willis","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB8|cit8","first-page":"305","article-title":"In vivo cytokine profiles in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis","volume":"33","author":"Hoeffaker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB9|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/7.3.343","article-title":"Nickel and skin irritants up-regulate tumour necrosis factor alpha mRNA in keratinocytes by different but potentially symergistic mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Lisby","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB10|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12383512","article-title":"Cytokine induction in human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to contact irritants and its relation to chemically induced inflammation in the skin","volume":"102","author":"Wilmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB11|cit11","volume-title":"Toxicology of Contact Dermatitis","author":"Basketter","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB12|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08666.x","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha is proinflammatory in normal human skin and modulates cutaneous adhesion molecule expression","volume":"132","author":"Groves","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB13|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.3.673","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor is a critical mediator in hapten induced irritant and contact hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"173","author":"Piguet","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB14|cit14","first-page":"292","article-title":"The infleuence of lauryl sulphate on the sensitisation of guinea pig to chrome and nickel","volume":"35","author":"Nilzen","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB15|cit15","volume-title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Guinea Pig.","author":"Magnusson","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB16|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680080111013","article-title":"The invisible dermatoses","volume":"127","author":"Kligman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB17|cit17","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Current Concepts in Cutaneous Toxicity.","author":"Ritz","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB18|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(90)90012-6","article-title":"A review of the Buehler guinea pig skin sensitization test and its use in a risk assessment process for human sensitization","volume":"61","author":"Robinson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB19|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1979.tb05528.x","article-title":"Predictive evaluation in animals of the contact allergenic potential of medically important substances. I. Comparison of different methods of cutaneous sensitisation with weak allergens","volume":"5","author":"Maurer","year":"1979","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB20|cit20","first-page":"693","volume-title":"Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology.","author":"Basketter","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB21|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(93)90148-L","article-title":"Influence of sodium lauryl sulphate on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene induced lymph node activation","volume":"77","author":"Cumberbatch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB22|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03509.x","article-title":"Influence of irritants on lymph node cell proliferation and the detection of contact sensitivity to metal salts in the murine local lymph node assay","volume":"29","author":"Ikarashi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB23|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00830.x","article-title":"Testing for skin sensitization according to the notification procedure for new chemicals: the Magnusson and Kligman test","volume":"32","author":"Schlede","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB24|cit24","unstructured":""},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB25|cit25","unstructured":"OECD. Skin Sensitisation Test Guideline 1993"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB26|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00801.x","article-title":"A critical commentary and updating of the guinea pig maximisation test","volume":"32","author":"Kligman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB27|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02140.x","article-title":"Non-specific hypersensitivity: false positive responses with the use of Freund's complete adjuvant","volume":"34","author":"Buehler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB28|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399509532025","article-title":"Retrospective appraisal of the relationship between skin irritancy and contact sensitization potential","volume":"46","author":"Auton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Tox Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB29|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680060090010","article-title":"Irritants increase the response to an allergen in allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"127","author":"McLelland","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB30|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04655.x","article-title":"Minimum eliciting patch test concentrations of cobalt","volume":"20","author":"Allenby","year":"1989","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB31|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1993.tb03371.x","article-title":"An arm immersion model of compromised skin. II. Influence on minimal eliciting patch test concentrations of nickel","volume":"28","author":"Allenby","year":"1993","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB32|cit32","first-page":"86","article-title":"Influence of benzalkonium chloride on formaldehyde sensitive people","volume":"1","author":"Inoue","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB33|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1966.160","article-title":"The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test: a procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers","volume":"47","author":"Kligman","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB34|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/1046-199X(95)90045-4","article-title":"Cumulative effect of subthreshold concentration of irritants in humans","volume":"6","author":"Tur","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB35|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92168-2","article-title":"Keratinocytes as initiators of inflammation","volume":"337","author":"Barker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB36|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.005015","article-title":"Tolerance, danger and the extended family","volume":"12","author":"Matzinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB37|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042003123.x","article-title":"Contact allergy, irritancy and \u2018\u2019danger","volume":"42","author":"McFadden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB38|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00678.x","article-title":"Langerhans cell migration","volume":"25","author":"Cumberbatch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB39|cit39","first-page":"1725","article-title":"Contact allergens and epidermal proinflammatory cytokines motivate Langerhans cell migration from the epidermis","volume":"186","author":"Schwarzenberger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB40|cit40","first-page":"31","article-title":"Langerans cells produce type IV collagenase (MMP-9) following epicutaneous stimulation with haptens","volume":"84","author":"Koboyashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB41|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12363632","article-title":"Mast cell degranulation upregulates alpha 6 integrins on epidermal Langerhans cell","volume":"101","author":"Ioffreda","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB42|cit42","first-page":"31","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha is required for accumulation of dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes and for optimal contact sensitisation","volume":"84","author":"Cumberbatch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB43|cit43","first-page":"6148","article-title":"Depressed Lanegrhans cell migration and reduced contact hypersensitivity response in mice lacking TNF receptor p75J","volume":"159","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB44|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.4.1398","article-title":"Early molecular events in the induction phase of contact sensitivity","volume":"89","author":"Enk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB45|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1038\/15200","article-title":"Natural adjuvants endogenous activators of dendritic cells","volume":"5","author":"Galluci","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature Med"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB46|cit46","first-page":"194","article-title":"Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in human skin lymph from sodium lauryl sulphate-induced contact dermatitis","volume":"38","author":"Hunziker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB47|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1996.tb02141.x","article-title":"Variation in response of human skin to irritant challenge","volume":"34","author":"Judge","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB48|cit48","first-page":"115","article-title":"Individual ethnic and seasonal vaiability in irritant susceptibility of skin: the implications for a predictive human patch test","volume":"34","author":"Basketter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB49|cit49","unstructured":"Bjornberg A Skin reactions to primary irritants with hand eczema. An investigation with matched controls Thesis. 1968"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB50|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2340\/000155555573214216","article-title":"Irritant reactivity is a bette risk marker for nickel sensitisation than atopy","volume":"73","author":"Elsner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Derm Veneeol (Stockh)"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB51|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1985.tb00557.x","article-title":"Eczematous (irritant and allergic) reactions of the skin barrier as determined by water vapour loss","volume":"10","author":"Van der Valk","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB52|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1975.tb05478.x","article-title":"Susceptibiity to primary irritants. Age dependance and relation to contact allergic reactions","volume":"1","author":"Coeraads","year":"1975","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB53|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042002095.x","article-title":"Irritant thresholds in subjects with colophony allergy","volume":"42","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB54|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197106032842210","article-title":"Skin reactivity in patients with cancer","volume":"284","author":"Johnson","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl.","key":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x-BIB55|cit55","first-page":"30","article-title":"Divergent 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene elicitation response in subjects with low irritant thresholds","volume":"59","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2230.2002.00997.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2230.2002.00997.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T20:55:56Z","timestamp":1704315356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article\/27\/2\/138\/6626091"}},"subtitle":["Irritant dermatitis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.00997.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-6938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-6938","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}}}