{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T02:35:33Z","timestamp":1761100533652},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]],"date-time":"1998-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":886291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing evidence has implicated TNF-\u03b1 as a pivotal molecule involved in the systemic inflammatory manifestations of ENL, an acute inflammatory complication that may occur in the chronic course of leprosy. In the present study, the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline (PTX) as an alternative therapy for management of leprosy reactions has been evaluated. The effect of PTX on TNF-\u03b1 production was examined in leprosy patients at the protein level and at the transcriptional level as well. Treatment of ENL patients with PTX (1200\u2003mg daily) ameliorated the systemic symptoms and favoured the evolution of reactional leprosy lesions. Serum TNF-\u03b1 was assayed before and during treatment with PTX in 15 patients. The increased TNF-\u03b1 levels seen in the circulation during the reaction were dramatically reduced within 3\u20137\u2003days of therapy. No significant effect on serum IL-6 was noted. In vitro TNF-\u03b1 production was assayed upon culture stimulation with Mycobacterium leprae. A reduction of inducible TNF-\u03b1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was seen after 1\u20132\u2003weeks of in vivo administration of PTX. Furthermore, no effect of the drug on IL-10 secretion was detected in these cultures. A kinetic analysis of the expression of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 mRNA at the site of leprosy lesion was performed in six reactional patients by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The amount of TNF-\u03b1 mRNA was increased in the tissue during ENL compared with before the reaction, and decreased thereafter following treatment for reaction (either PTX or thalidomide). These data suggest that PTX inhibits TNF-\u03b1 production in ENL patients both in vivo and in vitro, and it may be useful in the treatment of leprosy patients undergoing ENL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00510.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:08:20Z","timestamp":1047377300000},"page":"300-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Pentoxifylline decreases<i>in vivo<\/i>and<i>in vitro<\/i>tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) production in lepromatous leprosy patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"E P","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M O","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J A C","family":"Nery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A R","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H C","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inform\u00e1tica M\u00e9dica, Medical Faculty, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E N","family":"Sarno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011519001143000_b1","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Preclinical 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