{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:40:34Z","timestamp":1790829634324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The theoretical risk of triggering vasculitis resulting from administration of G-CSF and GM-CSF to patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV), such as Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis (WG), who develop agranulocytosis due to cytotoxic therapy, is unknown. Since there is strong evidence that activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) induced by binding of ANCA to PR3 or myeloperoxidase (MPO) expressed on their plasma membrane is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitides (SV), we studied the surface expression of PR3 and MPO on PMN from healthy donors in response to G-CSF and GM-CSF in\u2003vitro by flow cytometric analysis. Increasing doses of G-CSF did not alter PR3 expression on either untreated or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1)-primed donor PMN significantly. In contrast, GM-CSF significantly increased PR3 membrane expression on both intact PMN and neutrophils primed with TNF-\u03b1. MPO expression was not significantly altered by either G-CSF or GM-CSF. In summary, these data demonstrate that GM-CSF, but not G-CSF, induces plasma membrane expression of PR3 on PMN in\u2003vitro. Since in AAV accessibility of the antigen (PR3 or MPO) to the antibody (ANCA) on the plasma membrane of PMN is thought to be essential for neutrophil activation by ANCA, the results of the present study suggest that administration of GM-CSF to patients with WG with neutropenia implies a definite theoretical risk of deterioration of vasculitis via this mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01205.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:21:27Z","timestamp":1047378087000},"page":"392-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) but not granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces plasma membrane expression of proteinase 3 (PR3) on neutrophils<i>in\u2003vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Hellmich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Poliklinik f\u00fcr Rheumatologie, Medizinische Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Csernok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poliklinik f\u00fcr Rheumatologie, Medizinische Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Trabandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poliklinik f\u00fcr Rheumatologie, Medizinische Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W L","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poliklinik f\u00fcr Rheumatologie, Medizinische Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungszentrum Borstel, Zentrum f\u00fcr Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011221074794100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.6.1907.bloodjournal8861907","article-title":"Filgrastim (r-metHuG-CSF): the first 10 years","volume":"88","author":"Welte","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022011221074794100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400607","article-title":"Functional features of neutrophils induced by G-CSF and GM-CSF treatment: differential effects and clinical implications","volume":"11","author":"Spiekermann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2022011221074794100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199448050-00007","article-title":"Filgrastim. 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