{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:51:18Z","timestamp":1787946678299,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>CVID is a primary immune disorder in which hypogammaglobulinaemia may be associated with a number of T cell defects including lymphopenia, anergy, impaired lymphocyte proliferation and deficient cytokine secretion. In this study we show that T cells of CVID subjects, in comparison with control T cells, undergo spontaneous apoptosis in culture and markedly accelerated apoptosis after \u03b3-irradiation. Although costimulation of the CD28 receptor following engagement of the TCR\/CD3 receptor normally provides a second signal necessary for IL-2 secretion, CD28 costimulation in CVID does not significantly increase IL-2 production, nor does this combination of activators enhance the survival of irradiated CVID T cells, as it does for cultured normal T cells. Addition of IL-2 enhances CVID T cell survival, suggesting that the IL-2 signalling pathways are normal. CVID T cells have similar expression of Bcl-2 to control T cells. CD3 stimulation up-regulates T cell expression of bcl-xL mRNA for normal T cells, but anti-CD28 does not augment bcl-xL expression for CVID subjects with accelerated apoptosis. Defects of the CD28 receptor pathway, leading to cytokine deprivation and dysregulation of bcl-xL, could lead to poor T cell viability and some of the cellular defects observed in CVID.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01239.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:22:02Z","timestamp":1047378122000},"page":"503-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Enhanced apoptosis of T cells in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID): role of defective CD28 co-stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Di Renzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Cunningham-Rundles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011221073849000_b1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report of a WHO Scientific Group","volume-title":"Clin Exp Immunol","year":"1997"},{"key":"2022011221073849000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01086-4","article-title":"Common variable immunodeficiency: how many diseases?","volume":"18","author":"Spickett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"2022011221073849000_b3","first-page":"720","volume-title":"New insights into common variable immunodeficiency. 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