{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T10:35:59Z","timestamp":1759401359847},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of more effective anti-tuberculosis (TB) vaccines would contribute to the global control of TB. Understanding the activated\/memory T cell response to mycobacterial infection and identifying immunological correlates of protective immunity will facilitate the design and assessment of new candidate vaccines. Therefore, we investigated the kinetics of the CD4+ T cell response and IFN-\u03b3 production in an intravenous challenge model of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) before and after DNA immunization. Activated\/memory CD4+ T cells, defined as CD44hiCD45RBlo, expanded following infection, peaking at 3\u20134\u2003weeks, and decreased as the bacterial load fell. Activated\/memory CD4+ T cells were the major source of IFN-\u03b3 and the level of antigen-specific IFN-\u03b3-secreting lymphocytes, detected by ELISPOT, paralleled the changes in bacterial load. To examine the effects of a DNA vaccine, we immunized mice with a plasmid expressing the mycobacterial secreted antigen 85B (Ag85B). This led to a significant reduction in mycobacteria in the liver, spleen and lung. This protective effect was associated with the rapid emergence of antigen-specific IFN-\u03b3-secreting lymphocytes which were detected earlier, at day 4, and at higher levels than in infected animals immunized with a control vector. This early and increased response of IFN-\u03b3-secreting T cells may serve as a correlate of protective immunity for anti-TB vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01240.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:22:02Z","timestamp":1047378122000},"page":"476-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Protective effect of DNA immunization against mycobacterial infection is associated with the early emergence of interferon-gamma (IFN-<i>\u03b3<\/i>)-secreting lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"A T","family":"Kamath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, NSW"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N L","family":"Groat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, NSW"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A G D","family":"Bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, NSW"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W J","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, NSW"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011221073966200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677","article-title":"Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country","volume":"282","author":"Dye","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022011221073966200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510330076038","article-title":"Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis. 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