{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:43:22Z","timestamp":1780472602927,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]],"date-time":"2000-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":962409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Although HLA-DRB1 and -DQA1 alleles have been associated with adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIM), they only partially account for the genetic risk for these autoimmune disorders. Because IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2, and the anti-inflammatory competitive inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of myositis, we assessed the role of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms of the IL-1Ra gene (IL-1RN) in the aetiology of JIIM: IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms were performed on 250 JIIM patients and 471 race-matched controls and were correlated with clinical characteristics. The IL-1RN\u2003A1 allele, associated with increased proinflammatory activity, was found to be a risk factor for Caucasians with JIIM (96.0% carriage rate versus 90.2% in race-matched controls, Pcorr= 0.037, odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, confidence interval (CI) = 1.1\u20135.8), but not for African-Americans, in whom the A3 allele was a possible risk factor (7.0% versus 1.1% in race-matched controls, Pcorr= 0.07, OR = 6.5, CI = 1.1\u201340.3). IL-1RN genotypes did not correlate with circulating levels of IL-1Ra, which were higher in patients than in controls. The polymorphic IL-1RN locus could be the first non-MHC genetic risk factor identified for JIIM, and different alleles may confer susceptibility for different ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01266.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:22:25Z","timestamp":1047378145000},"page":"47-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Polymorphisms in the IL-1 receptor antagonist gene VNTR are possible risk factors for juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"L G","family":"Rider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration and"},{"name":"Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C M","family":"Artlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C B","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty Laboratories, Santa Monica, CA and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Neeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Chanock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F W","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration and"},{"name":"Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"FOR THE CHILDHOOD MYOSITIS HETEROGENEITY COLLABORATIVE STUDY 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