{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:12:16Z","timestamp":1790921536540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]],"date-time":"2000-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":962409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hg2+ induces lymphocyte proliferation when added to cell cultures from both healthy and mercury-allergic subjects. Consequently, when measuring DNA synthesis a possible Hg2+-specific response, resulting from proliferating memory cells, cannot be discriminated from a non-allergic response. The mechanism behind this non-allergic response is unknown but a superantigenic effect of Hg2+ has been suggested. In this study, five mercury-allergic patients, with oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions adjacent to dental amalgam and a positive patch test to Hg0, and five healthy subjects without amalgam were examined. The immunophenotype and the T cell receptor V\u03b2 (TCR V\u03b2) repertoire of Hg2+-induced lymphoblasts as well as the expression of the lymphocyte activation markers CD23 and CD134 were analysed for possible differences between healthy and allergic subjects. The mechanism of Hg2+-induced proliferation was examined by comparing the TCR V\u03b2 expression of Hg- and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-activated lymphoblasts, the latter used as a positive superantigen control. It was not possible to discriminate between mercury-allergic and healthy subjects using the immunophenotype or the TCR V\u03b2 profile of the Hg2+-induced lymphoblasts or the expression of CD23 and CD134. However, Hg2+-induced CD4+ lymphoblasts showed a skewing towards V\u03b22. This relative increase in V\u03b22 was only detected in the CD4+ but not in the CD8+ lymphoblast population. In conclusion, Hg2+ induced a proliferation-dependent skewing towards CD4+ but not CD8+ lymphocytes expressing V\u03b22. In this respect Hg2+ differs from the classical bacterial superantigen SEB, which also stimulates unique TCR V\u03b2 families among CD8+ cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01268.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:22:25Z","timestamp":1047378145000},"page":"23-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Characterization of mercuric mercury (Hg2+)-induced lymphoblasts from patients with mercury allergy and from healthy subjects"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Cederbrant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Environment, Division of Molecular and Immunological Pathology, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Hultman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Environment, Division of Molecular and Immunological Pathology, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011221081934500_b1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Kontaktl\u00e6sioner i mundslimhinden ved korroderende dentale solvamalgamrestaureringer","volume":"90","author":"Bolewska","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tandl\u00e6gebladet"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(87)90139-2","article-title":"Oral lichenoid reactions related to mercury sensitivity","volume":"25","author":"James","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374920060010401","article-title":"Oral mucosa and skin reactions related to amalgam","volume":"6","author":"Holmstrup","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00690.x","article-title":"The lymphocyte transformation test for the diagnosis of drug allergy: sensitivity and specificity","volume":"27","author":"Nyfeler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74299-6_112","article-title":"Impact of 25 years of in vitro testing in allergic contact dermatitis","volume-title":"Current topics in dermatitis","author":"Von Blomberg-van der Vlier","year":"1989:"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00231.x","article-title":"In vitro lymphocyte proliferation test in the diagnosis of oral mucosal hypersensitivity reactions to dental amalgam","volume":"26","author":"Laine","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345990780081101","article-title":"In vitro lymphoproliferative assays with HgCl2 cannot identify patients with systemic symptoms attributed to dental amalgam","volume":"78","author":"Cederbrant","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1999.tb02055.x","article-title":"No evidence for specific in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to HgCl2 in patients with dental amalgam related contact lesions","volume":"28","author":"Loftenius","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000230222","article-title":"Lymphocyte transformation induced by inorganic and organic mercury","volume":"37","author":"Caron","year":"1970","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000024221","article-title":"HgCl2 induced human lymphocyte activation in vitro: a superantigenic mechanism?","volume":"120","author":"Loftenius","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2022011221081934500_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/8.11.1729","article-title":"In vitro effects of HgCl2 on murine lymphocytes II. 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