{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:44:26Z","timestamp":1768837466533,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staphylococcal superantigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). This may occur through superantigenic activation of T lymphocytes and their subsequent induction of the skin homing receptor CLA on activated cells. We investigated the proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 patients with an infective exacerbation of AD and six normal controls to the staphylococcal superantigens, staphylococcal enterotoxin A and B (SEA, SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), and the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con\u2003A). We also assessed CLA and T cell receptor (TCR) V\u03b2-chain expression by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry before and after stimulation. PBMC from AD patients showed two-fold increased proliferation to SEA and SEB (P\u2003&amp;lt;\u20030\u00b701) compared with normals, whereas the response to mitogenic stimulation was identical. Analysis of (TCR) V\u03b2-chain expression demonstrated increased use of superantigen-reactive V\u03b2 families in freshly isolated PBMC in AD patients compared with controls. This pattern of V\u03b2-chain expression was only observed in the CLA+ but not the total population of T cells. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the enhanced PBMC proliferative response and increased expression of superantigen-reactive V\u03b2 families in atopic patients. These data support the concept that superantigens are important in the pathogenesis of this common condition, and also provide evidence that the increased use of certain V\u03b2 families in circulating, CLA+, skin homing lymphocytes is of functional significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01270.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:22:44Z","timestamp":1047378164000},"page":"181-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Staphylococcal toxin-induced T cell proliferation in atopic eczema correlates with increased use of superantigen-reactive V<i>\u03b2<\/i>-chains in cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)-positive lymphocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Davison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Institute of Dermatology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Institute of Dermatology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tissue Typing, King's College, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Institute of Dermatology and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011221082518200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1977.01640060076008","article-title":"Microbial flora of atopic dermatitis","volume":"113","author":"Aly","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1159\/000250099","article-title":"On the resident aerobic bacterial skin flora in unaffected skin of patients with atopic dermatitis and in healthy controls","volume":"164","author":"Gloor","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00257.x","article-title":"Superantigenic exotoxin secreting potential of staphylococci isolated from atopic eczematous skin","volume":"128","author":"McFadden","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70535-X","article-title":"Prevalence and role of serum IgE antibodies to the Staphylococcus aureus-derived superantigens SEA and SEB in children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"103","author":"Bunikowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"J All Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890250037007","article-title":"Staphylococcal enterotoxin B applied on intact normal and intact atopic skin induces dermatitis","volume":"132","author":"Strange","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000236970","article-title":"Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) affects in vitro IgE synthesis, IFN\u03b3, IL-4 and IL-5 production in atopic eczema","volume":"107","author":"Neuber","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116711","article-title":"Presence of IgE antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins on the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Evidence for a new group of allergens","volume":"89","author":"Leung","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90498-5","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and staphylococcal superantigens","volume":"347","author":"Michie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00096.x","article-title":"Superantigens","volume":"5","author":"Saloga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555576214218","article-title":"Preferential expression of T-cell receptor V\u03b2-chains in atopic eczema","volume":"76","author":"Neuber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00502.x","article-title":"Evidence for superantigen involvement in skin homing of T cells in atopic dermatitis","volume":"112","author":"Strickland","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b12","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Circulating CLA+ lymphocytes from children with atopic dermatitis contain an increased percentage of cells bearing staphylococcal-related T-cell receptor variable segments","volume":"28","author":"Torres","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70175-1","article-title":"Non-specific T cell homing during inflammation in atopic dermatitis: expression of cutaneous lymphocyte associated antigen and integrin \u03b1E\u03b27 on skin-infiltrating T cells","volume":"100","author":"De Vries","year":"1997","journal-title":"J All Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.5.1935","article-title":"Circulating allergen reactive T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis express the skin-selective homing receptor, the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen","volume":"181","author":"Babi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.2.747","article-title":"Bacterial superantigens induce T cell expression of the skin-selective homing receptor, the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, via stimulation of interleukin 12 production","volume":"181","author":"Leung","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555924447","article-title":"Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis","volume":"92","author":"Hanifin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venerol"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-1811(95)00502-1","article-title":"Role of staphylococcal enterotoxins in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: growth and expression of T cell receptor V\u03b2 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by enterotoxins A and B","volume":"13","author":"Yudate","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Derm Science"},{"key":"2022011221082518200_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1997.tb00200.x","article-title":"Superantigens but not mitogens are capable of inducing upregulation of E-selectin ligands on human T lymphocytes","volume":"6","author":"Zollner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2249.2000.01270.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2249.2000.01270.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/121\/2\/181\/42131685\/j.1365-2249.2000.01270.x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/121\/2\/181\/42131685\/j.1365-2249.2000.01270.x.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T13:18:02Z","timestamp":1704287882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/121\/2\/181\/6461704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01270.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-2249","0009-9104"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]}}}