{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:27:54Z","timestamp":1790497674000,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disease of the liver in which T helper 1 cytokines predominate over those of T helper 2 in the pathogenesis. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), for which the gene was recently cloned, is a novel T helper 1 cytokine, which augments interferon-gamma production. We designed this study to clarify the role of IL-18 in primary biliary cirrhosis and to examine whether serum IL-18 level can be a prognostic indicator for the disease. Serum IL-18 levels were measured using an enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay with mouse monoclonal antibodies. Twenty-two healthy volunteers, 31 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (Scheuer's stage I, 13; II, 10; and IV, 8), 20 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, 11 patients with virus-related liver cirrhosis and six patients with obstructive jaundice were enrolled. Significant differences of serum IL-18 levels were observed between patients with Scheuer's stage IV and those with stage I, or II, virus-related liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b705). The IL-18 levels in primary biliary cirrhosis increased according to the disease progression, and fell promptly after living-related liver transplantation. Moreover, serum IL-18 levels in primary biliary cirrhosis were correlated with serum bilirubin concentrations and the Risk scores of the Mayo Clinic prognostic model for the disease. The IL-18 levels observed in patients with autoimmune hepatitis were also elevated, and correlated with the activity of the disease. These results indicate that serum interleukin-18 levels reflect the severity of primary biliary cirrhosis, the activity of autoimmune hepatitis, and may be an additive prognostic indicator in primary biliary cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01356.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:24:44Z","timestamp":1047378284000},"page":"227-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Serum interferon-gamma-inducing factor\/IL-18 levels in primary biliary cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Yamano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Nouso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Nakatsukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kariyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Yumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine 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