{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:25:43Z","timestamp":1761647143340},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monoclonal IgM in type II mixed cryoglobulins (MC) preferentially use 51p1-related immunoglobulin VH genes. In normal preimmune B lymphocytes, 51p1-related gene expression is proportional to the germ-line gene dosage, which can be 0\u20134. To determine whether 51p1-related gene dosage influences the occurrence of type II MC or the VH gene bias in cryoglobulin IgM, we studied 47 patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), 24 MC+, 23 MC\u2212. By Western analysis, 11 cryoprecipitate IgM (46%) were detected by G6 (a marker for 51p1-related gene products), eight (33%) by Staphylococcal Protein A (a VH3 family marker), and five (21%) by neither, indicating a 23-fold bias favouring 51p1-related genes. All 11 MC+, G6+ patients possessed \u2265\u200a1 copy of a 51p1-related gene; nine of the 36 others had none. The mean copy number of 51p1-related genes was greater in MC+ than MC\u2212 patients, and in MC+, G6+ patients versus the 36 others (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b704), but significant differences were not seen in analyses restricted to patients with \u2265\u200a1 copy of a 51p1-related gene. We conclude that when a 51p1-related gene is present, a strong bias favours G6+ IgM in HCV-associated type II MC, but this bias is not greatly increased by a high dosage of 51p1-related genes. Furthermore, patients lacking 51p1-related genes also produce MC, but with G6\u2212 IgM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01406.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:25:21Z","timestamp":1047378321000},"page":"88-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of 51p1-related gene copy number (V1\u201369 locus) on production of hepatitis C-associated cryoglobulins"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"E H","family":"Sasso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Ghillani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, CHU La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Musset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, CHU La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Piette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, CHU La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Cacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, CHU La Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011221103401700_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(62)90191-2","article-title":"Cryoglobulinemia based on interaction between a gamma macroglobulin and 7S gamma globulin","volume":"32","author":"LoSpalluto","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2022011221103401700_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(66)90200-2","article-title":"Cryoglobulinemia\u2014a clinical and laboratory study. 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