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Expression of rhIFN-\u03b1 was readily detectable by ELISA and on Western blotting. When compared with control BCG, rhIFN-\u03b1 BCG was substantially more active in inducing the production of IFN-\u03b3 and IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while IL-10 production was correspondingly decreased. These effects were reversible upon antibody neutralization of rhIFN-\u03b1. Among 10 patients tested, rhIFN-\u03b1 BCG enhanced IFN-\u03b3 production in all patients ranging from 1\u00b74- to 23\u00b77-fold with a general trend toward greatest enhancement among those with weakest baseline responses to control BCG. Correspondingly, rhIFN-\u03b1 BCG decreased IL-10 production in all patients by 1\u00b72\u20134\u00b78-fold. The onset of IFN-\u03b3 production induced by rhIFN-\u03b1 BCG was also more rapid, occurring within 4 h after stimulation versus &amp;gt;\u200a24 h with wild-type BCG. The observation that the maximum IFN-\u03b3 induction depends on the simultaneous presence of both IFN-\u03b1 and BCG highlights the advantages of rhIFN-\u03b1 BCG. Taken together, these immunostimulatory properties of rhIFN-\u03b1 BCG suggest that it may be a superior agent for immunotherapeutic protocols involving live BCG in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01428.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:25:28Z","timestamp":1047378328000},"page":"264-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Recombinant bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) expressing human interferon-alpha 2B demonstrates enhanced immunogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Y","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 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