{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:17:41Z","timestamp":1778635061385,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,29]],"date-time":"2003-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), a form of autoimmune systemic vasculitis, chronic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus constitutes a risk factor for the development of exacerbations. Circulating T cells in this disease are persistently activated, suggesting the presence of a chronic stimulus. A causal link between chronic carriage of S. aureus and chronic T cell activation in WG is conceivable, because S. aureus produces superantigens (SAg), which are potent T cell stimulators. Superantigenic stimulation of T cells results in expansion of T cell subsets expressing SAg-binding T cell receptor V-beta (V\u03b2) chains. In the present study we hypothesized that in WG the presence of staphylococcal SAg is accompanied by expansion of SAg-reacting T cell subsets. We tested our hypothesis in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study in which the association between seven staphylococcal SAg genes [typed by poplymerase chain reaction (PCR)], eight SAg-binding V\u03b2 chains and four SAg-non-binding V\u03b2 chains (assessed by flow-cytometry) was assessed. Both studies showed that T cell expansions were present at a significantly higher rate in WG patients than in healthy individuals, but were not associated with the presence of either S. aureus or its SAg. Moreover, T cell expansions were generally of small extent, and did not appear simultaneously in both CD4 and CD8 subsets. We conclude that in WG S. aureus effects its supposed pathogenic function by a mechanism other than superantigenic T cell activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02157.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,29]],"date-time":"2003-05-29T16:48:27Z","timestamp":1054226907000},"page":"496-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Staphylococcal superantigens and T cell expansions in Wegener's granulomatosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"E R","family":"POPA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C A","family":"STEGEMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Groningen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N A","family":"BOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Immunology Section, University of Groningen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C G M","family":"KALLENBERG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J W COHEN","family":"TERVAERT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011222100330500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390110055012","article-title":"Association between active Wegener's granulomatosis and anticytoplasmic antibodies","volume":"149","author":"Cohen Tervaert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"2022011222100330500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-1-28","article-title":"Anticytoplasmic 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