{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:44:41Z","timestamp":1761518681927},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]],"date-time":"2001-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1120,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Addison's disease is frequently a component of autoimmune polyendocrinopathies while secondary adrenal insufficiency associated with autoimmune disorders is believed to be a rare event. We present a series of patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency coexisting with autoimmune diseases and\/or antithyroid autoantibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DESIGN AND PATIENTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among a group of 102 patients with secondary adrenal failure of unknown origin diagnosed at the Department of Endocrinology of the Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education (Warsaw, Poland) we have identified a group with associated autoimmune disorders. Thyroid abnormalities occurred most frequently. Other diseases included insulin\u2010dependent diabetes mellitus, pernicious anaemia, vitiligo, premature ovarian failure and autoimmune thrombocytopaenia. There were 23 women and one man aged 17\u201372 years at the time of investigation. Additionally, we included a woman with Addison's disease in whom the ACTH deficiency appeared 18 years after the onset of primary adrenal hypofunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>MEASUREMENTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pituitary\u2013adrenal function tests comprised urinary excretion of 17\u2010hydroxycorticosteroids in basal conditions and during a 2\u2010day tetracosactrin test, plasma concentrations of ACTH and cortisol, and a 2\u2010day metyrapone test (in eight cases). Thyroid function and immunity tests were: TSH, thyroxine, the antithyroglobulin, antimicrosomal and anti\u2010peroxidase autoantibodies. Other endocrine studies included: serum LH, FSH and PRL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 17\u2010hydroxycorticosteroid values, both basally and during stimulation tests were consistent with a diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency. Serum cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations were low. In 14 patients primary hypothyroidism was confirmed by low T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> levels. In three patients subclinical primary hypothyroidism was revealed (elevated TSH levels). Three patients who had a past history of Graves' disease were euthyroid at the time of investigation. Twenty\u2010three patients had antibodies against peroxidase. Most patients had gonadotrophins and PRL values within normal limits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The co\u2010existence of autoimmune disorders with secondary adrenal insufficiency suggests an autoimmune aetiology for the ACTH deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00611.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:39:12Z","timestamp":1047379152000},"page":"779-783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Secondary adrenal insufficiency associated with autoimmune disorders: a report of twenty\u2010five cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"A. 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