{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T15:45:55Z","timestamp":1771256755689,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]],"date-time":"2008-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3010,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>BACKGROUND It has been postulated that an insulln\u2010driven increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor\u20101 (PAI\u20101) levels may link insulin resistance to anovulatory infertility in women with PCOS and that It may place them at increased risk of thromboembolic disease. However, previous studies have been conflicting because many have failed to control for body mass index (BMI) which may affect PAI\u20101. The aim of this study was to investigate PAI\u20101 activity in women with PCOS and to compare it with unaffected controls of a similar BMI.<\/jats:p><jats:p>DESIGN AND PATIENTS 41 Women with Pcos and 25 weight\u2010matched controls participated in this cross\u2010sectional study. Patients were evaluated clinically and by pelvic ultrasound and fasting blood samples were taken for haematological and biochemical tests. MEASUREMENTS PAI\u20101 activity, insulin, glucose, trlglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, FSH, LH, PRL, testosterone, SHBG, 17\u2013hydroxyprogesterone, plasminogen, fibrinogen (\u03b12 antiplasmin, blood pressure and insulin sensitivity with a homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) computer programme.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS There was no significant difference in BMI or in (log) PAI\u20101 activity in women with PCOS compared with controls (BMI 29.5 \u00b1 5.6 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 28.4 \u00b1 6.3 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.25 and PAI\u201012.56 (SD 0.85) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 2.14 (SD 0.98) au\/ml, P=0.07). The median fasting insulin level was significantly higher (17 (4.6\u2013134.5) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 9.6 (3.7\u201341.5) mU\/l, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01), and insulin sensitivity signiflcantly lower In the PCOS group, (43.17% (5.48\u2013160) <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 82.8% (21.8\u2013193), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). Women with PCOS also had a significantly higher free androgen index, LW\/FSH ratio and a lower HDL\/total cholesterol ratio. However blood pressure and all other lipid and haematological measurements were not significantly different between both groups. There were significant positive correlations between (log) PAL1 activity and BMI (<jats:italic>\u03c1=<\/jats:italic> 0.61), triglycerides (\u03c1= 0.49) and fasting insulin (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>= 0.60) and a negative correlation with HDL cholesterol (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>=\u22120.46). Triglyceride concentrations showed the most Significant relationship with (log) PAI\u20101 activity on multiple regression. 29% of PCO women (12\/41) gave a positive family history of thrombosis compared to 8% (2\/25) in the control group. CONCLUSION Plasminogen activator inhibitor\u20101 activity is not raised in women with PCOS independent of obesity and these results do not support the hypothesis that it may contribute to their anovulatory infertility, <jats:italic>or<\/jats:italic> increase their risk of thrombosis. The only significant metabolic features of the PCOS independent of obesity are insulin resistance, hyperinsu\u2010linaemia and lower HDUtotal cholesterol ratio. The higher frequency of a positive family history of thrombosis in these women nevertheless requires further explanation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00946.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:44:30Z","timestamp":1047379470000},"page":"487-492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Raised plasminogen activator inhibitor\u20101 (PAI\u20101) is not an independent risk factor in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"William U.","family":"Atlorno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Condon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Friend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Archibald G.","family":"Prentice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terence J.","family":"Wilkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92552-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90118-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)00486-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56575-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1252","volume-title":"Williams Haematology","author":"Francis C.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648384","article-title":"Daytime fluctuations of plasminogen activator inhibitor\u20101 (PAI\u20101) in populations with high PAI\u20101 levels.","volume":"67","author":"Juhan\u2010Vague I.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608293350902"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17907.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57001-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Syndrome X 6 years later.","volume":"236","author":"Reaven G.M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1993.tb02376.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90065-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.00863.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.5.2471"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-124-1-415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(97)90066-4"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2265.2000.00946.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2265.2000.00946.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00946.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T09:53:34Z","timestamp":1698573214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00946.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00946.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00946.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}}}