{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:03:58Z","timestamp":1790420638233,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,20]],"date-time":"2001-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":141,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> Females with Turner's syndrome (TS) are at an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid disease. Studies assessing the influence of karyotype on thyroid autoimmunity in adults with TS have yielded conflicting results but have been limited by small numbers. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of thyroid autoimmunity in a large cohort of women with TS and to assess the influence of karyotype on the development of thyroid disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS<\/jats:bold> Data were available for 145 women with TS attending a dedicated adult Turner clinic. The mean age was 26\u2003years (range 16\u201352\u2003years). Information regarding the presence of thyroid disease, karyotype, thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid function was recorded in all. The chi\u2010squared test with Yates' correction was used to assess the association between karyotype and thyroid autoimmunity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010one per cent of women with TS had\u00a0positive thyroid autoantibodies and 16% of women were hypothyroid on replacement therapy with thyroxine. However, 83% of women with an X\u2010isochromosome had positive thyroid autoantibodies compared with 33% of women with other karyotypes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b70001). Women with an isochromosome\u2010X karyotype were also significantly more likely to become frankly hypothyroid and require thyroxine compared with other karyotypes (37\u00b75% isochromosome\u2010X <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 14% 45, X <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 6% other karyotypes <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030\u00b70034).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold> In this large cohort of women with TS we have shown that the risk of developing autoimmune thyroid disease is particularly high in women with an X\u2010isochromosome, suggesting that a gene on the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq) may play an important pathogenetic role in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01296.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T10:50:20Z","timestamp":1047379820000},"page":"223-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Autoimmune thyroid syndrome in women with Turner's syndrome\u2014the association with karyotype"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.A.H.","family":"Wass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.S.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1340568"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Hashimoto's disease in Turner's syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Fleming S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.00849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000182525"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80082-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.9.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb01835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1998.0250"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30284-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80827-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.16.4.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-67-1-132"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Turner Syndrome in a Life Span Perspective: research and clinical aspects","author":"Sybert V.P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1250359"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1977.tb01340.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939608994725"}],"container-title":["Clinical Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2265.2001.01296.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2265.2001.01296.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01296.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T23:49:08Z","timestamp":1695858548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01296.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01296.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01296.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0664","1365-2265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0664","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}}}