{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:28:10Z","timestamp":1794029290132,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]],"date-time":"2001-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":542,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work examines the correlation between serum levels of oestrogen, progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA\u2010S) and the number of human peripheral blood cells actively secreting interleukin (IL)\u20102, IL\u20104, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) or interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Simultaneous assessment of serum hormone levels and cytokine\u2010secreting cell activity throughout the menstrual cycle showed that the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) able to secrete IL\u20104 in response to stimulation correlated significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b70001) with oestrogen levels and fluctuated with the menstrual cycle in pre\u2010menopausal women. The activity of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010secreting cells, on the other hand, varied as a function of serum DHEA\u2010S levels in pre\u2010menopausal women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b70001). Similarly, the number of cells secreting IFN\u2010\u03b3 in men correlated with serum DHEA\u2010S levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b7001). In contrast, post\u2010menopausal women had fewer cells actively secreting cytokines and the activity of these cells did not correlate with sex hormone levels. These results suggest that sex hormones may modulate cytokine production <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and contribute to gender\u2010related differences in normal and pathological immune responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00047.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T02:25:25Z","timestamp":1047435925000},"page":"384-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Sex hormone levels correlate with the activity of cytokine\u2010secreting cells <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Verthelyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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