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Proliferative responses, cytokine production and cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity obtained in post\u2010vaccinated children were compared to baseline cord bloods and unvaccinated 10\u2010week\u2010old infants. BCG vaccination generally induced strong lymphoproliferative and T helper type 1 (Th1)\u2010type cytokine responses. There was a trend for greater responsiveness following the intradermal route of vaccination, with Japanese\u2010172 strain and with delaying vaccination until 10 weeks. Cord mononuclear cells differentially stimulated the Th2\u2010type cytokines interleukin\u20105 (IL\u20105) and IL\u201010 selectively in response to BCG, as compared to H37Rv or purified protein derivative stimulation. We document for the first time the generation of mycobacterium\u2010specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in neonates, following BCG vaccination. Cytotoxic activity correlated with the ratio of interferon\u2010\u03b3 to IL\u20105, aside from a single instance where use of the Biovac<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> tool resulted in a striking dissociation selectively against H37Rv targets. These data have implications for correlates of protective immunity in design of vaccine studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01366.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T02:30:50Z","timestamp":1047436250000},"page":"314-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Neonatal mycobacterial specific cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte and cytokine profiles in response to distinct BCG vaccination strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Hussey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia L. 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