{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T18:16:17Z","timestamp":1794334577916,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,29]],"date-time":"2002-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activation of human V\u03b39\/V\u03b42 T cells by many pathogens depends on the presence of small phosphorylated non\u2010peptide compounds derived from the 2\u2010<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010erythritol 4\u2010phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. We here demonstrate that in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> mutants deficient in <jats:italic>lytB<\/jats:italic>, an essential gene of the MEP pathway, a potent V\u03b39\/V\u03b42 T\u2010cell activator accumulates by a factor of approximately 150 compared to wild\u2010type <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. The compound responsible for the strong immunogenicity of this <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> mutant was subsequently characterized and identified as a small pyrophosphorylated metabolite, with a molecular mass of 262\u2003Da, derived from the MEP pathway. Stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with extracts prepared from the <jats:italic>lytB\u2010<\/jats:italic>deficient <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> mutant led to upregulation of T\u2010cell activation markers on the surface of V\u03b39\/V\u03b42 T cells as well as proliferation and expansion of V\u03b39\/V\u03b42 T cells. This response was dependent on costimulatory growth factors, such as interleukin (IL)\u20102, IL\u201015 and IL\u201021. Significant levels of interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) were secreted in the presence of IL\u20102 and IL\u201015, but not in the presence of IL\u201021, demonstrating that proliferating phosphoantigen\u2010reactive V\u03b39\/V\u03b42 T cells do not necessarily produce proinflammatory cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2002.01414.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T02:31:26Z","timestamp":1047436286000},"page":"200-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Accumulation of a potent \u03b3\u03b4 T\u2010cell stimulator after deletion of the <i>lytB<\/i> gene in <i>Escherichia 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