{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:52:56Z","timestamp":1778611976345,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]],"date-time":"2001-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":480,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The persistence of permethrin (5% a.i.) and pirimiphos\u2010methyl (27% a.i.), applied to the dorsum of calves in the field against\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides sonorensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), was estimated using a hair\u2010blood\u2010feeding bioassay in the laboratory. Hair clippings were taken before treatment and 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 56\u2003days after treatment from the dorsum, side and belly of treated and control calves. Laboratory\u2010reared insects were allowed to feed through thin hair layers and a parafilm membrane on sheep blood warmed using a water\u2010jacketed feeder. Some intoxication after exposure to hair was noted up to 28\u2003days after treatment with permethrin and up to 14\u2003days after treatment with pirimiphos\u2010methyl. Hair from the dorsum caused more intoxication for a longer period than hair from other body regions. Permethrin and pirimiphos\u2010methyl applied to the back did not significantly reduce overall engorgement (body regions pooled) after treatment. Permethrin residues on hair remained far higher on the back than other body regions and were related to insect intoxication and reduction in engorgement in the laboratory. Residues on belly hair never exceeded 12\u2003p.p.m. and did not result in significantly reduced feeding at any time. Engorged insects that exhibited sublethal intoxication from feeding through permethrin\u2010treated hair did recover and matured numbers of eggs comparable to controls. Field trials using treated and control calves and enclosure nets showed that dorsal applications of 5% permethrin were not effective in reducing engorgement, despite some intoxication. Vacuum samples from a calf showed that\n                    <jats:italic>C. sonorensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    fed primarily on the belly. A 0.2% permethrin application on the belly (250\u2003ml) did result in &gt;\u200a80% reduction of\n                    <jats:italic>C. sonorensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the enclosure nets at 3 and 7\u2003days after treatment, but activity had subsided by 10\u2003days after treatment. The utility of insecticidal treatments for suppression of this vector is discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00243.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T09:43:46Z","timestamp":1047462226000},"page":"313-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Feeding and survival of\n                    <i>Culicoides sonorensis<\/i>\n                    on cattle treated with permethrin or pirimiphos\u2010methyl"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"B. A.","family":"Mullens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. K.","family":"Velten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Gerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Braverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. G.","family":"Endris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300032661"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0169-4758(97)01170-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Bluetongue, African Horsesickness, and Related Orbiviruses.","author":"Braverman Y.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1997.tb00422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Bioenergetics and Growth.","author":"Brody S.","year":"1945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of permethrin treatment of cattle on Psorophora columbiae populations: test of a host management concept","volume":"7","author":"Focks D.A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/35.3.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/79.4.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-37.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Biting flies attacking Holstein cattle in a bluetongue enzootic area in Colorado, 1976","volume":"37","author":"Jones R.H.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mosquito News"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.18474\/0749-8004-26.2.271","article-title":"Evaluation of pyrethroid ear tag and spray treatments of cattle against horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae)","volume":"26","author":"Leprince D.J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Entomological Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Evaluation of cattle insecticide treatments on attraction, mortality, and fecundity of mosquitoes","volume":"12","author":"Loftin K.M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Residual activity of permethrin on cattle as determined by mosquito bioassays","volume":"5","author":"McLaughlin R.E.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"In vitro assay for permethrin persistence and interference with bloodfeeding of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) on animals","volume":"9","author":"Mullens B.A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/35.3.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/27.6.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT User's Guide, Version 6.","author":"SAS","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/17.3.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780120407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780150605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780260104"}],"container-title":["Medical and Veterinary Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2915.2000.00243.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00243.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T18:17:27Z","timestamp":1762280247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00243.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00243.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00243.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-283X","1365-2915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-283X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-12-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}