{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T18:46:32Z","timestamp":1762541192128},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,18]],"date-time":"2002-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1011312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":596,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:italic>Burkholderia cepacia<\/jats:italic> is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes fatal infections in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease. Various environmental isolates of <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic> are, however, capable of degrading environmental pollutants, such as trichloroethylene, 2,4,5\u2010trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5\u2010T), etc., and are also highly effective in controlling plant diseases caused by nematodes and fungi. Such strains have therefore been proposed for environmental release to clean up toxic dump sites or as biopesticides. Various efforts to distinguish between clinical and environmental isolates of <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic> with regard to their virulence characteristics have produced ambiguous results, suggesting that newer methods are needed to test for the presence or absence of pathogenic potential in <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic> strains proposed for environmental release. We now report that several clinical strains of <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic> secrete cytotoxic factors that allow macrophage and mast cell death in the presence of external ATP. Several environmental strains had reduced activity in this regard. We also demonstrate that, while all the strains secrete enzymes that have nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk), adenylate kinase (Ak) and 5\u2032\u2010nucleotidase activity, the level of secretion of the 5\u2032\u2010nucleotidase (and\/or ATPase\/phosphatase) appears to be lower in the environmental strains than in the clinical strains. The secretion of these enzymes is specifically activated in the presence of eukaryotic proteins such as \u03b12\u2010macroglobulin. As macrophage\u2010 or mast cell surface\u2010associated P2Z receptors promote their cell death in the presence of mM concentrations of ATP, and as the secreted ATP\u2010using enzymes generate various phosphorylated or non\u2010phosphorylated adenine nucleotides that may even be better agonists than ATP in activating the P2Z receptors or may act through the activation of additional purinergic receptors, such enzymes may play an important role in allowing <jats:italic>B. cepacia<\/jats:italic> to evade host defence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01976.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T11:31:49Z","timestamp":1047468709000},"page":"1481-1493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Clinical and environmental isolates of <i>Burkholderia cepacia<\/i> exhibit differential cytotoxicity towards macrophages and mast cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Anatoli","family":"Melnikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Zaborina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. S.","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Chakrabarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hendrickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7543697"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(97)00129-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Cell Membrane Receptors for Drugs and Hormones: a Multidisciplinary Approach.","author":"Burnstock G.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(96)00326-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.265.3.C577"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.3.579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.139.7.1635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.19.13205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00270-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-9-2373"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-45-6-395"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(96)90244-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.35.040195.002545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0402.980209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.4.1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.6.2086-2093.1998","article-title":"Genes for 2,4,5\u2010trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism in Burkholderia cepacia AC1100: Characterization of the tftC and tftD genes and locations of the tft operons on multiple replicons","volume":"64","author":"Hubner A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Immunologic properties of mast cells from rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis","volume":"115","author":"Ishizawa T.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.3.782-790.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7302584"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PD-77-1185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80364-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-307210-8.50018-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-199811000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0502.990226"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.4.808-816.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.2.910-913.2000","article-title":"Diagnostically and experimentally useful panel of strains from the Burkholderia cepacia complex","volume":"38","author":"Mahenthiralingam E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(98)00056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.53.5.949-954.1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80934-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701890"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.4.1030-1038.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1998.275.6.F962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.6.1524","article-title":"Infection with Pseudomonas cepacia in chronic granulomatous disease: role of non\u2010oxidative killing by neutrophils in host defense","volume":"170","author":"Speert D.P.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"791","article-title":"Pseudomonas cepacia colonization among patients with cystic fibrosis: a new opportunist","volume":"131","author":"Thomassen M.J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-47-4-1188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(98)00040-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00687.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4667","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.17.4667-4675.1998","article-title":"Novel pathway for conversion of chlorohydroxyquinol to maleylacetate in Burkholderia cepacia AC1100","volume":"180","author":"Zaborina O.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5231","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.10.5231-5242.1999","article-title":"P2Z\u2010independent and P2Z receptor\u2010mediated macrophage killing by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"67","author":"Zaborina O.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.1998.82.3.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2299(199611\/12)39:3\/4<337::AID-DDR15>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.2.908-913.1999"}],"container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2958.2000.01976.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01976.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T14:55:26Z","timestamp":1695826526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01976.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01976.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01976.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-382X","1365-2958"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-382X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2958","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}