{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:27:23Z","timestamp":1791426443423,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,18]],"date-time":"2002-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1011312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":474,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a very common extraintestinal infection, and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> is by far the most common causative organism. Uropathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> possess traits that distinguish them from commensal strains of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, such as secretion systems that allow virulence factors to be targeted to extracytoplasmic compartments. One of at least five characterized secretion mechanisms is the autotransporter system, which involves translocation of a protein across the inner membrane, presumably via the <jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic> system, and across the outer membrane through a \u03b2\u2010barrel porin structure formed by the carboxy\u2010terminus autotransporter domain. We identified a 107\u2003kDa protein that was expressed significantly more often by <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains associated with the clinical syndrome of acute pyelonephritis than by faecal strains (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.029). We isolated the protein from <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> CFT073, a strain cultured from the blood and urine of a patient with acute pyelonephritis. The N\u2010terminal amino acid sequence showed highest similarity to two known SPATE (serine protease autotransporters of <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>) proteins, Pet and EspC. Using a 509\u2003bp probe from the 5\u2032 region of <jats:italic>pet<\/jats:italic>, 10 cosmid clones of an <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> CFT073 gene library were positive for hybridization. From one cosmid clone, a 7.5\u2003kb <jats:italic>Eco<\/jats:italic>RI restriction fragment, which reacted strongly with the probe, was shown to include the entire 3885\u2003bp gene. The predicted 142\u2003kDa protein product possesses the three domains that are typical of SPATE autotransporters: an unusually long signal sequence of 49 amino acids; a 107\u2003kDa passenger domain containing a consensus serine protease active site (GDSGSG); and a C\u2010terminal autotransporter domain of 30\u2003kDa. The protein exhibited serine protease activity and displayed cytopathic activity on VERO primary kidney, HK\u20102 bladder and HEp\u20102 cell lines; the name Sat (<jats:styled-content>s<\/jats:styled-content>ecreted <jats:styled-content>a<\/jats:styled-content>utotransporter <jats:styled-content>t<\/jats:styled-content>oxin) was derived from these properties. In addition, Sat antibodies were present in the serum of mice infected with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> CFT073. Based upon its association with pathogenic isolates, its cytopathic phenotype and its ability to elicit a strong antibody response after infection, we postulate that Sat represents a novel virulence determinant of uropathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02110.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T11:33:21Z","timestamp":1047468801000},"page":"53-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Identification of Sat, an autotransporter toxin produced by uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Debra M.","family":"Guyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Nataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry L. 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