{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T14:19:31Z","timestamp":1784297971714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]],"date-time":"2001-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":664,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scand J Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reinfection with <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> following chemotherapy often results in an ameliorated granulomatous reaction and hence a mild disease. This study examined some of the immunological mechanisms that could be associated with this residual protection. BALB\/c mice were infected with either a single dose (group A) of 100 <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> cercariae or with 10 doses of 10 cercariae each (group B) given at 3\u2010day intervals. The mice were treated with praziquantel 8 weeks postinfection and, 2 weeks later, together with another group of naive mice (group C), they were infected with a single dose of 100 cercariae each. All the animals were killed 8 weeks later and schistosome egg antigen (SEA)\u2010 and soluble adult worm antigen preparation (SWAP)\u2010induced cytokine recall responses in splenocytes, as well as serum immunoglobulin levels, were quantified and hepatic granuloma sizes measured. Group A animals had higher levels of SEA\u2010induced interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) but lower levels of interleukin (IL)\u20105 than groups B and C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). Group B animals had low SEA\u2010induced IFN\u2010\u03b3 levels and elevated IL\u20105 levels, although these were lower than group C. SEA\u2010induced IL\u201010 was low in both groups A and B as compared to group C (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). SWAP was less effective as an inducer of splenocyte cytokine production than SEA but both SWAP\u2010induced IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20105 were detected in groups A and C. SEA\u2010 and SWAP\u2010specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres were not significantly different between the three groups. Granuloma diameters were larger in group C (mean 297\u2003\u00b1\u200351.3\u2003\u03bcm) as compared to groups A (174\u2003\u00b1\u200349\u2003\u03bcm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01) and B (247.5\u2003\u00b1\u200344\u2003\u03bcm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Taken together, these results demonstrate that granuloma size is reduced during a reinfection exposure compared with a primary infection. This reduction is associated with a T helper 1 response in mice exposed to a single large dose of cercariae in the primary infection and with a predominantly T helper 2 response in those infected with multiple small doses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2000.00667.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T20:14:10Z","timestamp":1047500050000},"page":"237-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> in Mice: the Pattern of Primary Cercarial Exposure Determines Whether a Secondary Infection Post\u2010chemotherapy Elicits a T Helper 1\u2010 or a T Helper 2\u2010Associated Immune Response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"family":"Farah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"L\u00f6vgren\u2010Bengtson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Hau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3083.2000.00667.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2000.00667.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T09:37:22Z","timestamp":1698572242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2000.00667.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2000.00667.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2000.00667.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9475","1365-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9475","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-12-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}