{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:39:57Z","timestamp":1790865597801,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,23]],"date-time":"2001-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":297,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1<\/jats:italic> gene is required for salicylic acid (SA)\u2010induced expression of pathogenesis\u2010related (<jats:italic>PR<\/jats:italic>) genes and systemic acquired resistance. However, loss\u2010of\u2010function mutations in NPR1 do not confer complete loss of <jats:italic>PR<\/jats:italic> gene expression or disease resistance. Thus these responses also can be activated via an NPR1\u2010independent pathway that currently remain to be elucidated. The <jats:italic>ssi2\u20101<\/jats:italic> mutant, identified in a genetic screen for suppressors of <jats:italic>npr1\u20105<\/jats:italic>, affects signaling through the NPR1\u2010independent defense pathway(s). In comparison with the wild\u2010type (<jats:italic>SSI2 NPR1<\/jats:italic>) plants and the <jats:italic>npr1\u20105<\/jats:italic> mutant (<jats:italic>SSI2 npr1\u20105<\/jats:italic>), the <jats:italic>ssi2\u20101 npr1\u20105<\/jats:italic> double mutant and the <jats:italic>ssi2\u20101 NPR1<\/jats:italic> single mutant constitutively express <jats:italic>PR<\/jats:italic> genes [<jats:italic>PR\u20101<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BGL2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>PR\u20102<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>PR\u20105<\/jats:italic>]; accumulate elevated levels of SA; spontaneously develop lesions; and possess enhanced resistance to a virulent strain of <jats:italic>Peronospora parasitica<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>ssi2\u20101<\/jats:italic> mutation also confers enhanced resistance to <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic> pv. <jats:italic>tomato<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic>); however, this is accomplished primarily via an NPR1\u2010dependent pathway. Analysis of <jats:italic>ssi2\u20101 NPR1 nahG<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ssi2\u20101 npr1\u20105 nahG<\/jats:italic> plants revealed that elevated SA levels were not essential for the <jats:italic>ssi2\u20101<\/jats:italic>\u2010conferred phenotypes. However, expression of the <jats:italic>nahG<\/jats:italic> transgene did reduce the intensity of some <jats:italic>ssi2\u20101<\/jats:italic>\u2010conferred phenotypes, including <jats:italic>PR\u20101<\/jats:italic> expression, and disease resistance. Based on these results, SSI2 or an SSI2\u2010generated signal appears to modulate signaling of an SA\u2010dependent, NPR1\u2010independent defense pathway, or an SA\u2010 and NPR1\u2010independent defense pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313x.2001.00992.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T22:03:30Z","timestamp":1047506610000},"page":"563-574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["A recessive mutation in the <i>Arabidopsis SSI2<\/i> gene confers SA\u2010 and <i>NPR1<\/i>\u2010independent expression of <i>PR<\/i> genes and resistance against bacterial and oomycete pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kachroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashis","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Klessig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.6.12.1845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1573","article-title":"The cpr5 mutant of Arabidopsis expresses both NPR1\u2010dependent and NPR1\u2010independent resistance","volume":"9","author":"Bowling S.A.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3869945"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81858-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6531"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.10.4.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Molecular method for genetic analysis of maize","volume":"1","author":"Das O.P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Meth. 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