{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:16:43Z","timestamp":1791292603648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]],"date-time":"2001-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":572,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary<\/jats:bold> A cluster sample survey was conducted in 1998 in 30 schools to assess the effect of the growth of Niamey during the last decade on a urinary schistosomiasis urban focus described in 1989. Two thousand and forty\u2010two children (11.0\u00a0+\u00a00.1 years old) had a urine filtration test and answered a behavioural questionnaire. Snail populations of the sites used by schoolchildren were followed up in 1999. The global prevalence was 15.7% in 1998, as opposed to 23.7% in 1989. The prevalence was very low in schools far from the river and higher in those along the Niger banks, particularly in villages on the periphery of the urban area. Geographical factors were more important than socio\u2010economic ones in explaining the distribution of the disease. Only 46% of the children in Niamey reported water contact; mainly in the river, rarely in pools and the canal. The infection risk was low in pools (RR\u00a0=\u00a01.6), high in the river (RR\u00a0=\u00a03.5) and very high in the canal (RR\u00a0=\u00a012.5). Malacological studies confirmed the location of transmission sites obtained through parasitological studies and the questionnaire. Sixty\u2010one per cent of the children travelled outside Niamey to the hyperendemic surrounding areas. However, these movements did not increase their infection level. The results are discussed in relation to water contact behaviour and <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> transmission features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00577.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T21:34:57Z","timestamp":1047504897000},"page":"431-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Recent urban growth and urinary schistosomiasis in Niamey, Niger"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"J. C.","family":"Ernould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kaman Kaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Labbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Couret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Chippaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"La schistosomiase urinaire en milieu scolaire dans la ville de Niamey","author":"Aboubacarim A","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(89)80043-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"A simplified general method for cluster\u2010sample surveys of health in developing countries.","volume":"44","author":"Bennett S","year":"1991","journal-title":"World Health Statistics Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Approche g\u00e9ographique de la schistosomose urinaire dans une ville moyenne africaine, Daloa (C\u00f4te d'Ivoire).","volume":"8","author":"Cadot E","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cahiers Sant\u00e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"La situation malacologique \u00e0 Kinshasa et description d'un foyer autochtone de schistosomiase \u00e0Schistosoma intercalatum.","volume":"67","author":"Clercq D","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Belge de M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Demographic Health Surveys","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Epid\u00e9miologie des schistosomiases humaines urbaines \u00e0 Bamako au Mali.","volume":"52","author":"Doumbo O","year":"1992","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(94)90052-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90371-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Further observations on the urban Schistosoma mansoni focus in Kinshasa, Zaire.","volume":"63","author":"Gryseels B","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Belge de M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"785","article-title":"Epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Kampala, Uganda.","volume":"73","author":"Kabatereine NB","year":"1996","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Field studies of a reusable polyamide filter for detection of Schistosoma haematobium eggs by urine filtration.","volume":"33","author":"Mott KE","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"691","article-title":"Parasitic diseases and urban development.","volume":"68","author":"Mott KE","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Urban schistosomiasis in Lusaka, Zambia: a preliminary study.","volume":"98","author":"Mungomba LM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"An investigation of the schistosomiasis transmission status in Harare.","volume":"40","author":"Ndamba J","year":"1994","journal-title":"Central African Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"Recensement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la Population","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"The urban crisis.","volume":"44","author":"Rossi\u2010Espagnet A","year":"1991","journal-title":"World Health Statistics Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Urban transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.","volume":"42","author":"Sarda RK","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"254","article-title":"Urban epidemiology of Schistosoma intercalatum in the city of Bata, Equatorial Guinea.","volume":"41","author":"Simarro PP","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Human Schistosomiasis","author":"Sturrock RF","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; 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