{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:24:24Z","timestamp":1791113064205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]],"date-time":"2001-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":450,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tropical Med Int Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Summary<\/jats:bold> The control of childhood anaemia in malaria holoendemic areas is a major public health challenge for which an optimal strategy remains to be determined. Malaria prevention may compromise the development of partial immunity. Regular micronutrient supplementation has been suggested as an alternative but its effectiveness remains unsettled. We therefore conducted a randomised placebo\u2010controlled intervention trial with 207 Tanzanian children aged 5 months to 3 years on the efficacy of supervised supplementation of low\u2010dose micronutrients including iron (Poly Vi\u2010Sol with iron) three times per week, with an average attendance of \u2265\u00a090%. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) level increased by 8\u00a0g\/l more in children on supplement (95% CI 3\u201312) during the 5\u2010month study. All age groups benefited from the intervention including severely anaemic subjects. The mean erythrocyte cell volume (MCV) increased but Hb in children \u2265\u00a024\u00a0months improved independently of MCV and no relation was found with hookworm infection. The data therefore suggest that micronutrients other than iron also contributed to Hb improvement. In the supplement group of children who had received sulfadoxine\u2010pyrimethamine (SP) treatment, the mean Hb level increased synergistically by 22\u00a0g\/l (95% CI 13\u201330) compared to 7\u00a0g\/l (95% CI 3\u201310) in those without such treatment. Supplementation did not affect malaria incidence. In conclusion, micronutrient supplementation improves childhood anaemia in malaria holoendemic areas and this effect is synergistically enhanced by temporary clearance of parasitaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00626.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T21:34:02Z","timestamp":1047504842000},"page":"696-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Micronutrient and iron supplementation and effective antimalarial treatment synergistically improve childhood anaemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Ekvall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Premji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bj\u00f6rkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19980020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Cost\u2010effectiveness of iron supplementation and malaria chemoprophylaxis in the prevention of anaemia and malaria among Tanzanian infants.","volume":"78","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.1.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Parasites: a Guide to Laboratory Procedures and Identification","author":"Ash LR","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90244-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1986.11812000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1985.11811965"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90007-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"CDC criteria for anemia in children and childbearing\u2010aged women.","volume":"8","author":"CDC","year":"1989","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198101153040307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"The solubility test for HbS: a cheap and rapid method.","volume":"28","author":"Cook A","year":"1971","journal-title":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Hematology of Infancy and Childhood Vol. 1","author":"Dallman PR","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90913-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19850094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1982.11748250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V13.11.1054.1054","article-title":"Hypochromic anemias of the tropics associated with pyridoxine and nicotinic acid deficiencies.","volume":"13","author":"Foy H","year":"1958","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19830042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1997.11813201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90419-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91949-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Effect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption from different types of meals. Studies with ascorbic\u2010acid\u2010rich foods and synthetic ascorbic acid given in different amounts with different meals.","volume":"40","author":"Hallberg L","year":"1986","journal-title":"Human Nutrients and Applied Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3536(11)80042-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"794","article-title":"Iron absorption from the whole diet. Relation to meal composition, iron requirements and iron stores.","volume":"49","author":"Hulten L","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92477-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.82654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"882","article-title":"The anemia of human riboflavin deficiency.","volume":"22","author":"Lane M","year":"1963","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Effect of vitamin C supplementations on iron deficiency anemia in Chinese children.","volume":"5","author":"Mao X","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biomedical Environmental Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4994.686"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(66)90011-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.3.595","article-title":"Hematological effect of supplementing anemic children with vitamin A alone and in combination with iron.","volume":"48","author":"Mejia LA","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)04229-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90071-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314959"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Hematological studies in vitamin A deficient children.","volume":"47","author":"Mohanram M","year":"1977","journal-title":"International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6145.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","volume-title":"Recommended Dietary Allowances","author":"National Research Council","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90418-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.5.694","article-title":"Effect of improved vitamin A status on response to iron supplementation in Pakistani infants.","volume":"64","author":"Northrop\u2010Clewes CA","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1998.11747985","article-title":"Iron and infection in the tropics: paediatric clinical correlates.","volume":"18","author":"Oppenheimer SJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Paediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90154-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90253-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","first-page":"346","volume-title":"Hematology of Infancy and Childhood Vol. 1","author":"Oski FA","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90157-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1997.tb05490.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-200-43436A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1977.tb07978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","first-page":"260","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of iron treatment. Interference of malaria.","volume":"88","author":"Schneider D","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Correction of anemia and iron deficiency in vegetarians by administration of ascorbic acid.","volume":"39","author":"Sharma DC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07318-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1989.11748589"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.2.293","article-title":"Serum ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and hemoglobin are valid indicators of iron status of school children in a malaria\u2010holoendemic population.","volume":"127","author":"Stoltzfus RJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92246-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Management of Malaria","author":"Tanzania","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.4.773","article-title":"Coordinated strategies for controlling micronutrient malnutrition: a technical workshop.","volume":"123","author":"Trowbridge FL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/42.4.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90438-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Anaemia treatment trials in a rural population of Tanzania.","volume":"29","author":"Vaughan JP","year":"1977","journal-title":"Tropical Geographical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1997.11813122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"True absorption and retention of supplemental iron is more efficient when iron is administered every three days rather than daily to iron\u2010 normal and iron\u2010deficient rats.","volume":"125","author":"Viteri FE","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","volume-title":"Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of antimalarial drugs for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in areas with intense transmission. WHO\/MAL\/96.1077","author":"WHO","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80785-1"}],"container-title":["Tropical Medicine &amp; International Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3156.2000.00626.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00626.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T12:56:52Z","timestamp":1698584212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00626.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00626.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00626.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2276","1365-3156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2276","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-3156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}}}