{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T16:56:45Z","timestamp":1793465805719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,2]],"date-time":"2002-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Biochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyrotropin\u2010releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) has already been cloned in mammals wherethyrotropin\u2010releasing hormone (TRH) is known to act as a powerful stimulator of thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. The TRH receptor of amphibians has not yet been characterized, although TRH is specifically important in the adaptation of skin color to environmental changes via the secretion of \u03b1\u2010melanocyte\u2010stimulating hormone (\u03b1\u2010MSH). Using a dege\u2010nerate PCR strategy, we report on the isolation of three distinct cDNA species encoding TRHR from the brain of <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>. We have designated these as xTRHR1, xTRHR2 and xTRHR3. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences revealed that the three <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> TRHRs are only 54\u201362% identical and contain all the highly conserved residues constituting the TRH binding pocket. Amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis revealed that xTRHR1 is a member of TRHR subfamily\u20031 and xTRHR2 belongs to subfamily\u20032, while xTRHR3 is a new TRHR subtype awaiting discovery in other animal species. The three <jats:italic>Xeno\u2010pus<\/jats:italic> TRHRs have distinct patterns of expression. xTRHR3 was abundant in the brain and much scarcer in the peripheral tissues, whereas xTRHR1 was found mainly in the stomach and xTRHR2 in the heart. The <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> TRHR subtype\u20031 was found specifically in the intestine, lung and urinary bladder. These observations suggest that the three xTRHRs each have specific functions that remain to be elucidated. Expression in <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> oocytes and HEK\u2010293 cells indicates that the three <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic> TRHRs are fully functional and are coupled to the inositol phosphate\/calcium pathway. Interestingly, activation of xTRHR3 required larger concentrations of TRH compared with the other two receptors, suggesting marked differences in receptor binding, coupling or regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2002.03152.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T18:34:48Z","timestamp":1047407688000},"page":"4566-4576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization and functional expression of cDNAs encoding thyrotropin\u2010releasing hormone receptor from <i>Xenopus laevis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"269","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Bidaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Bulant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ladram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(69)90868-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_2","first-page":"1870","article-title":"Structure mol\u00e9culaire du facteur hypothalamique hypophysiotrope TRF d'origine ovine: mise en \u00e9vidence par spectrom\u00e9trie de masse de la s\u00e9quence PCA\u2010His\u2010Pro\u2010NH2","volume":"269","author":"Burgus R.","year":"1969","journal-title":"C. 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