{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T02:10:45Z","timestamp":1697508645590},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,21]],"date-time":"2001-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":245,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Four litters (41 pigs) of cross\u2010bred pigs were studied from 6 to 26\u2003weeks of age. Blood samples were collected at 6, 13, 21 and 26\u2003weeks of age and analysed for contents of vitamin C, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The pigs were examined clinically for foreleg weakness at the ages of 21 and 26\u2003weeks. At the age of 26\u2003weeks the pigs were slaughtered and the right forelegs were examined macroscopically and selected samples were collected for radiological, histological and ultrastructural examination. The prevalence of foreleg lesions was high, with lesions of dyschondroplasia of the distal growth plate of the ulna in 30 pigs, synovitis of the elbow joint in 24 pigs and osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow joint in 25 pigs. At the ages of 21 and 26\u2003weeks, five pigs had evidently crooked forelegs and 14 pigs (age 21\u2003weeks) and 25 pigs (age 26\u2003weeks) had mildly deformed forelegs. The serum levels of Ca, P and ALP were within normal values for growing\u2013finishing pigs. The range of vitamin C concentrations in plasma showed a wide difference (7.1\u201349.8\u2003\u03bcmol\/l) but was not associated with deformed forelegs. The serum concentrations of Ca, P and ALP and the plasma concentration of vitamin C differed significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.05) between age groups and there was a significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.001) positive correlation between the levels of vitamin C in plasma and the serum levels of ALP at 6\u2003weeks of age. The aim of the present study was to determine if there was any association between the plasma levels of vitamin C and the extent of crooked or deviated forelegs in growing\u2013finishing pigs. We could not find a vitamin C deficiency during the study and no association between low levels of vitamin C in plasma and the presence of deformed forelegs of these 40 pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2001.00340.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T09:10:35Z","timestamp":1047460235000},"page":"165-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vitamin C Plasma Concentrations and Leg Weakness in the Forelegs of Growing Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Armocida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Beskow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Amcoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kallner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ekman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19500035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas70-082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas75-043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","unstructured":"Caron J. P. 1996:Neurogenic factors in joint pain and disease pathogenesis. In: Mcllwraith C.W. and G. W. Trotter (eds) Joint Disease in the Horse pp. 70\u201379. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.74112719x","article-title":"The determination of serum concentrations of osteocalcin in growing pigs and its relationship to end\u2010measures of bone mineralization","volume":"74","author":"Carter S. D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-6226(87)90072-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02383371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1970.31163x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"747","article-title":"Lameness in breeding age swine \u2013 A case study","volume":"33","author":"Dewey C.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"555","article-title":"Clinical and postmortem examination of sows culled for lameness","volume":"34","author":"Dewey C.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"1248","article-title":"Microfluorometric assay for vitamin C","volume":"48","author":"Deutsch M. J.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Ass. Offic. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"A study of articular surfaces and synovial fossae of the pectoral limb of swine","volume":"39","author":"Doige C.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Can. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1988.6671636x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000175492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.1.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588402100202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090610"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547491","article-title":"Osteochondrosis and arthrosis in pigs; II Incidence in breeding animals","volume":"15","author":"Gr\u00f8ndalen T.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"555","article-title":"Leg weakness in pigs; I Incidence and relationship to skeletal lesions, feed level, protein and mineral supply, exercise and exterior conformation","volume":"15","author":"Gr\u00f8ndalen T.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547490","article-title":"Osteochondrosis and arthrosis in pigs; I Incidence in animals up to 120 kg live weight","volume":"15","author":"Gr\u00f8ndalen T.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"Gr\u00f8ndalenT.&I.Hanssen 1984:Effect of megadoses of vitamin C on osteochondrosis in Pigs. In: Wegger I. F. J. Tagwerker and J. Moustgard (eds) Workshop. Ascorbic Acid in Domestic Animals pp. 114\u2013115. Royal Danish Agricultural Society Copenhagen."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.12.2260","article-title":"Vitamin C deficiency in growing willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus)","volume":"109","author":"Hanssen I.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","unstructured":"HillM. A. 1998:Locomotory disorders of swine. In: Done S. J. Thomson and M. Varley (eds) Proceedings of the 15th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress Birmingham England pp. 181\u2013194."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"801","article-title":"Suspected skeletal scurvy in the dog","volume":"74","author":"Holmes J. R.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.763721x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03546713","article-title":"Congenital ascorbic acid deficiency in pigs","volume":"24","author":"Jensen T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00015129009438548"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-6226(94)00048-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1995.tb00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/120.2.185","article-title":"Effectiveness of isoascorbate versus ascorbate as an inducer of collagen synthesis in primary avian tendon cells","volume":"120","author":"Kipp D. E.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00481-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548128","article-title":"Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes in pigs with hereditary vitamin C deficiency","volume":"27","author":"Kristensen B.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","first-page":"1395","article-title":"Relationship between Mycoplasma hyosynoviae infection and front limb weakness in Duroc swine","volume":"48","author":"Lawrisuk L. S.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Ascorbic acid metabolism in swine. Studies on ascorbic acid content in blood, milk and tissues. (Danish, English summary)","volume":"23","author":"Lund C.","year":"1980","journal-title":"R. Vet. Agric. Univ. Steril. Res. Inst. Ann. Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2095.1999.00111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Osteochondrosis or leg weakness syndrome in swine","volume":"42","author":"McCaw M.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Iowa State Univ. Vet."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.2527\/1994.7292354x","article-title":"Efficacy of magnesium\u2010L\u2010ascorbyl\u20102\u2010phosphate as a vitamin C source for weanling and growing\u2010finishing swine","volume":"72","author":"Mahan D. C.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.10.1750","article-title":"Ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids measured in plasma preserved with dithiothreitol or metaphosphoric acid","volume":"36","author":"Margolis S. A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas79-062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas83-051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas84-017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","unstructured":"Nielsen N. C.&K.Vinther 1982:Influence of dietary vitamin C (Suppl.) on leg\u2010weakness in pigs. In: Necoechea R. R. A. Casar\u00edn and M. Guzm\u00edn (eds) Proceedings of the 7th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress Mexico City Mexico p. 269."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","unstructured":"Palludan B.&I.Wegger 1988:The influence of ascorbic acid status on boar performance. In: Scheid I. R. et\u2003al. (eds) Proceedings of the 10th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress Rio de Janeiro Brazil p. 239."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19780126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.8.1514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"The mineral content of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the serum and bones and the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase in slaughtered fattening pigs. (Germany, English summary)","volume":"1","author":"Pricoszovits A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"DTW Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Pathology of so\u2010called leg weakness in the pig","volume":"358","author":"Reiland S.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"The effect of decreased growth rate on frequency and severity of osteochondrosis in pigs","volume":"358","author":"Reiland S.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Morphology of osteochondrosis and sequelae in pigs","volume":"358","author":"Reiland S.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Heredity of osteochondrosis, body constitution and leg weakness in the pig","volume":"358","author":"Reiland S.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/92.1.99","article-title":"Influence of controlled temperatures on growth rate and plasma ascorbic acid values in swine","volume":"92","author":"Riker J. T.","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7661636x","article-title":"L\u2010ascorbyl\u20102\u2010polyphosphate as a vitamin C source for segregated and conventionally weaned pigs","volume":"76","author":"De Rodas B. Z.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-6226(88)90012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Lesions of spontaneous vitamin C deficiency in a juvenile Rhesus Macaque","volume":"2","author":"Schrenzel M. D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"Dependence of growth, bone metabolism and functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on ascorbic acid pigs","volume":"68","author":"Schwager J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Intern. J. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) status in Icelandic horses in Iceland","volume":"11","author":"Sigurdsson H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Iceland. Agr. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","unstructured":"Strittmatter J. E. 1977: Effect of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) on Degenerative Arthritis (Osteochondrosis) and Growth of Swine. Research Report (no. AH\u2010SW\u20107725) pp. 111\u2013115. Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Station East Lansing MI."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","first-page":"384","article-title":"Ascorbic acid deficiency and hypertrophic osteodistrophy in the dog: a rebuttal","volume":"69","author":"Teare J. A.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098586900600303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555792"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547701","article-title":"Osteochondrosis in wild boar\u2010Swedish Landrace crossbred pigs (F2 generation)","volume":"36","author":"Uhlhorn H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Fluorometric assay of vitamin C in biological materials using a centrifugal analyser with fluorescence attachment","volume":"5","author":"Vuilleumier J. P.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Micronutr. Anal."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.79.17.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.1.47","article-title":"Characterisation of articular and growth plate cartilage collagens in porcine osteochondrosis","volume":"107","author":"Wardale J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_2","unstructured":"Wegger I.&B.Palludan 1984:Ascorbic acid status of swine. Genetic and developmental variations. In: Wegger I. F. J. Tagwerker and J. Moustgard (eds) Workshop. Ascorbic Acid in Domestic Animals pp. 68\u201379. Royal Danish Agricultural Society Copenhagen."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_2","unstructured":"Wegger I.&B.Palludan 1986:Ascorbic acid in swine nutritions: pre\u2010 neo\u2010 and postnatal aspects. In: S\u00e1nchez Botija C.et\u2003al. (ed.) Proceedings of the 9th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress Barcelona Spain p. 429."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_2","first-page":"241","article-title":"Vitamin C deficiency causes hematological and skeletal abnormalities during fetal development in swine","volume":"124","author":"Wegger I.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1993.tb00639.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1439-0442.2001.00340.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2001.00340.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T01:45:11Z","timestamp":1697507111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2001.00340.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,20]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2001.00340.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2001.00340.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-184X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-184X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,20]]}}}