{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T02:44:38Z","timestamp":1764211478562},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,16]],"date-time":"2003-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1053043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":669,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: 1\u03b1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (1,25[OH]<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells including colon, prostate, melanoma, osteosarcoma and breast cancer.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: The human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) was cultured with 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> or one of two analogues EB1089 or CB1093 for various durations. Cellular proliferation was measured by uptake of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]thymidine, and cell numbers were determined by trypan blue exclusion counting.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, EB1089 and CB1093 all inhibited proliferation of HepG2 by up to 90% after 5 days of treatment, compared to the untreated controls. Decreased proliferation was associated with an approximately 50% reduction in cell numbers at concentrations of up to 10<jats:sup>\u201310<\/jats:sup> mol\/L after 5 days of treatment with 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. Cell proliferation rapidly recovered in cultures treated with lower concentrations of 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (10<jats:sup>\u201310<\/jats:sup> and 10<jats:sup>\u201311<\/jats:sup> mol\/L) when 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was removed from the cultures by placing cells in serum containing medium without 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. When HepG2 cells were treated with 10<jats:sup>\u20138<\/jats:sup> mol\/L 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> for 5 weeks, there was still significant inhibition of proliferation, although at week 5 there was 66% inhibition compared to 93% at the end of week 1.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: 1,25(OH)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, EB1089 and CB1093 all significantly inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells, with EB1089 being the most potent at lower concentrations. Inhibition can be maintained for at least 4 weeks, but is reversed after removal of vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1622.2001.02147.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,16]],"date-time":"2003-05-16T11:11:25Z","timestamp":1053083485000},"page":"414-417","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["1\u03b1,25\u2010Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3<\/sub> and its analogues, EB1089 and CB1093, profoundly inhibit the <i>in vitro<\/i> proliferation of the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Akhter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Finlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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