{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T02:27:58Z","timestamp":1780108078238,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]],"date-time":"2001-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":407,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>1. Neurokinin (NK)A is the endogenous ligand for the tachykinin NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor. In the present study, tachykinins and selective receptor agonists were tested as contractile agonists in human colon circular muscle and [<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I]\u2010NKA was used to localize binding sites in human colon.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. In strips of circular muscle, removal of mucosa and submucosa significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) increased the potency and the maximum response achieved by NKA.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. The rank order of potency of tachykinin and selective receptor agonists in contracting circular muscle strips was NKA \u2265 [Lys <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b5\"><jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>,MeLeu\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b9\"><jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>,Nle\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b10\"><jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>]NKA(4\u201310) \u2265 neuropeptide (NP)\u03b3\u2265 [\u03b2Ala\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b8\"><jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>]NKA(4\u201310) \u00bb NKB &gt; substance P (SP) \u00bb senktide \u2248 [Pro\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b9\"><jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>]SP.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. Specific binding sites for [<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I]\u2010NKA were densely localized over circular muscle and muscularis mucosae. Weak specific binding was seen on longitudinal muscle and taenia coli, whereas no binding sites were seen on mucosa, ganglia or blood vessels.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. In circular muscle, the selective NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor agonist [Lys\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b5\"><jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>,MeLeu\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b9\"><jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>,Nle\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b10\"><jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>]NKA(4\u201310) produced weak increases (maximum 37%) in inositol monophosphate formation with a pD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 6.8\u00b10.51 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3). Carbachol (100 \u03bcmol\/L) was also a weak stimulant (maximum 45%). These agonists were over 10\u2010fold more efficacious in stimulation of inositol monophosphate in rat urinary bladder.<\/jats:p><jats:p>6. In conclusion, [<jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I]\u2010NKA binding sites localized on human colon circular muscle were characterized as NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors. Functionally, the tachykinin NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor is mediating circular smooth muscle contraction. Although the human NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor is coupled to the phosphatidylinositol pathway, other second messenger mechanisms may also operate in this tissue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2000.03363.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T11:05:28Z","timestamp":1047380728000},"page":"928-933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Circular Muscle Contraction, Messenger Signalling And Localization Of Binding Sites For Neurokinin A In Human Sigmoid Colon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fiona J","family":"Warner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Z","family":"Lubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Burcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0163-7258(96)00195-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(84)90087-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000007504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(85)90043-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00692914"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00169837"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041370117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(91)90892-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701960"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(88)90184-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00412-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(95)00016-d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Radioiodinated substance P, neurokinin A and eledoisin bind predominantly to NK1 receptors in guinea\u2010pig lung.","volume":"41","author":"Geraghty DP","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. 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