{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:48:55Z","timestamp":1776476935192,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,23]],"date-time":"2008-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2123,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract\u2003<\/jats:bold> Portal hypertension occurs in a number of disorders other than cirrhosis and they are collectively called non\u2010cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH). The common causes of NCPH include idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), non\u2010cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF) and extrahepatic portal venous thrombosis (EHPVT). Other causes include schistosomiasis, hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction, veno\u2010occlusive disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis. Patients with IPH and EHPVT present with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, splenomegaly, ascites after gastrointestinal bleeding, features of hypersplenism, growth retardation and jaundice due to portal biliopathy. The diagnosis is usually made by abdominal ultrasound, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, normal liver function tests and normal liver histology. Variceal bleeding in NCPH has lower mortality as compared with cirrhosis because of better liver functions in NCPH. Treatment for NCPH includes primary prophylaxis for variceal bleeding and prevention of repeat bleeding using drugs like \u03b2\u2010blockers, endoscopic sclerotherapy and endoscopic band ligation of varices. In patients with uncontrolled variceal bleeding or symptomatic hypersplenism, porto\u2010systemic shunt surgery or splenectomy are required.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u00a9 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.17.s3.2.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T05:23:22Z","timestamp":1047446602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Non\u2010cirrhotic portal hypertension versus idiopathic portal hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"KUNIO","family":"OKUDA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","first-page":"935","volume-title":"Diseases of the Liver","author":"Genecin P","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","first-page":"875","volume-title":"Diseases of the Liver","author":"Reynolds TB.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194510000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196201000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1962.03620210074014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196510000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Hepatology: a Festschrift for Hans Popper","author":"Okuda K","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Hepatology","author":"Okuda K.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Non\u2010cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension: a long term follow\u2010up study","volume":"50","author":"Kingham JGC","year":"1981","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1982.tb00195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197401000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-5710012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23207"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","first-page":"459","article-title":"Obliterative portal venopathy of the liver","volume":"87","author":"Nayak NC","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Portal Hypertension.","author":"Okuda K","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","first-page":"627","article-title":"The aetiology, presentation and natural history of extrahepatic portal venous obstruction","volume":"48","author":"Webb LJ","year":"1979","journal-title":"Quart. J. Med. NS"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Idiopathic Portal Hypertension","author":"Koshy A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1986.tb00108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(84)80077-3","article-title":"Formation of hilar collaterals or cavernous transformation after portal vein obstruction by hepatocellular carcinoma. Observation in ten patients","volume":"87","author":"Ohnishi K","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280505"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2001.02577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199401000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-3-329"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90180-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000171542"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"Budd\u2013Chiari syndrome: etiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"61","author":"Mitchell MC","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mediciine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"obstruction of the inferior vena cava in the hepatic portion and the hepatic veins. Report of eight cases and review of the Japanese literature","volume":"61","author":"Nakamura T","year":"1968","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80252-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1996.tb00056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Management of Budd\u2013Chiari syndrome: experience from 430 cases","volume":"19","author":"Wang Z\u2010G.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Asian J. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(82)90001-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(66)90100-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120515"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1440-1746.17.s3.2.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1440-1746.17.s3.2.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1440-1746.17.s3.2.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:36:04Z","timestamp":1695774964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1440-1746.17.s3.2.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1440-1746.17.s3.2.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1440-1746.17.s3.2.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}