{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T08:23:29Z","timestamp":1716020609008},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]],"date-time":"2008-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2921,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>: To estimate the prevalence of serological evidence of immunity to measles and rubella in preschool children in central and southern Sydney (NSW, Australia) and the prevalence of immunity in children with either documented or parentally reported immunization.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: Geographical cluster random sampling was used to select children aged between 18 and 60 months to participate in the present study. Standardized interviews obtained information on each child\u2019s reported (by parents) immunization status and documentary evidence of immunization was recorded from the Personal Health Record. Venous blood was collected, serum was separated and stored frozen until tested. Measles and rubella antibodies were measured using ELISA, with either immunofluorescence or haemagglutination inhibition being used to clarify equivocal results. The study was conducted from 1992 to 1994 in conjunction with surveys of blood lead concentrations, iron status and micronutrient status.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Parents of 726 of 953 children identified between 9 and 60 months of age agreed to participate in the lead, immunization, iron status and micronutrient studies. Sufficient blood for antibody testing was obtained from 580 children, aged 18 to 62 months at the time of collection. Parents reported that 94.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 92.7\u201396.5%) of children had received a measles\u2013mumps or measles\u2013mumps\u2013rubella (MMR) immunization. General practitioners administered 72.8% of these immunizations. The prevalence of serological evidence of immunity to measles and rubella was 88.8% (95% CI 86.2\u201391.4%) and 91.9% (95% CI 89.6\u201394.2%), respectively. There was documented evidence of measles and rubella immunization for 88.4% (95% CI 85.7\u201391.2%) and 86.4% (95% CI 83.4\u201389.3%) of children, respectively. Of children with documented measles immunization, 91.6% (95% CI 89.2\u201394.0%) had detectable measles antibody. Of children with documented rubella immunization, 97.2% (95% CI 95.8\u201398.6%) had detectable rubella antibody.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: Measles and rubella immunization rates in central and southern Sydney are relatively high and most of these immunizations are provided by the private sector. Immunity to rubella in children with documented rubella immunization is at the level that would be expected from seroconversion studies. Immunity to measles in children with documented measles immunization is slightly lower than expected from seroconversion studies, highlighting the need for the second MMR immunization in preschool children, as well as making near universal immunization imperative if this disease is to be eradicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00540.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T08:14:51Z","timestamp":1047456891000},"page":"418-421","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serological survey of measles and rubella immunity in Sydney preschool children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Causer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Karr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Hueston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Alperstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Fett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"Childhood Immunisation and Infectious Diseases SurveyGroup.The Immunisation Status of Children Attending General Practitioners in Australia in 1986 and 1989. Department of Community Medicine University of Sydney Sydney 1990."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).National Health Survey. Summary of Results Australia 1989\u201390. ABS Cat. No. 4364.0 Commonwealth of Australia 1991."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics.Children\u2019s Immunisation Australia. April 1995. ABS Cat. No. 4352.0 Commonwealth of Australia 1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(89)80002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb125306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb93960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","unstructured":"Health Insurance Commission.Annual 1997\u20131998 Report. Health Insurance Commission Canberra 1998."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.1996.tb01076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","unstructured":"GoldmanM.Fluorescent Antibody Methods. Academic Press New York and London 1968."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","unstructured":"PalmerDF CavallaroJJ&HermannKL.Rubella Haemagglutination Inhibition Test. US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service CDC Atlanta 1980."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"New South Wales Department of Health.Measles\u2013mumps\u2013rubella vaccine introduction. New South Wales Department of Health Circular 89\/69 Sydney 1989."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"StataCorp.STATAStatistical Software: Release 5.0. Stata Corp. College Station Texas 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","unstructured":"Multi\u2010cultural Health Services Central Sydney Health Services.A demographic profile of non\u2010English speaking residents in the Central Sydney Health Service using the 1991 Census. Central Sydney Health Service 1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","unstructured":"New South Wales Department of Health.Measles\/Mumps\/Rubella Vaccination. New South Wales Department of Health Circular 90\/74 Sydney 1990."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","unstructured":"New South Wales Department of Health.Measles\/Mumps\/Rubella Vaccination. New South Wales Department of Health Circular 91\/73 Sydney 1991."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","unstructured":"National Health and Medical Research Council.The Australian Immunisation Handbook 6th edn. Australian Government Publishing Service Canberra 1997 (Addendum July 1998)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1440-1754.2000.00540.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00540.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T12:36:24Z","timestamp":1698582984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00540.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00540.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00540.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1034-4810","1440-1754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1034-4810","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1754","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-09-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}