{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:09:40Z","timestamp":1778000980068,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,24]],"date-time":"2001-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":692,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Austral Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the impacts of livestock grazing on native plant species cover, litter cover, soil surface condition, surface soil physical and chemical properties, surface soil hydrology, and near ground and soil microclimate in remnant <jats:italic>Eucalyptus salmonophloia<\/jats:italic> F. Muell woodlands. Vegetation and soil surveys were undertaken in three woodlands with a history of regular grazing and in three woodlands with a history of little or no grazing. Livestock grazing was associated with a decline in native perennial cover and an increase in exotic annual cover, reduced litter cover, reduced soil cryptogam cover, loss of surface soil microtopography, increased erosion, changes in the concentrations of soil nutrients, degradation of surface soil structure, reduced soil water infiltration rates and changes in near ground and soil microclimate. The results suggest that livestock grazing changes woodland conditions and disrupts the resource regulatory processes that maintain the natural biological array in <jats:italic>E. salmonophloia<\/jats:italic> woodlands. Consequently the conditions and resources in many remnant woodlands may be above or below critical thresholds for many species. The implications of these findings for restoration of plant species diversity and community structure are discussed. Simply removing livestock from degraded woodlands is unlikely to result in the restoration of plant species diversity and community structure. Restoration will require strategies that capture resources, increase their retention and improve microclimate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9993.2000.01030.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,10]],"date-time":"2003-03-10T10:26:41Z","timestamp":1047292001000},"page":"36-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":284,"title":["Grazing effects on plant cover, soil and microclimate in fragmented woodlands in south\u2010western Australia: implications for restoration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Colin J.","family":"Yates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2404770"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"AdamsonD. A.&FoxM. D.(1982) Change in Australasian vegetation since European settlement. In:A History of Australasian Vegetation(ed. J. M. B. Smith) pp. 109\u201346. McGraw\u2010Hill Sydney."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1985.tb00906.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"CaleP.&HobbsR. J.(1991) Condition of roadside vegetation in relation to nutrient status. In:Nature Conservation 2: the Role of Corridors(eds D. A. Saunders & R. J. Hobbs) pp. 353\u201362. Surrey Beatty and Sons Chipping Norton."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/RJ9930234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"GoldneyD. BauerJ. BryantH. HodgkinsD. WatsonG.(1995) Winning battles but losing the war: the education marketing imperative. In:Nature Conservation 4: the Role of Networks(eds D. A. Saunders J. Craig & L. Mattiske) pp. 547\u201388. Surrey Beatty & Sons Chipping Norton NSW."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Some management implications for the conservation of vegetation remnants and associated fauna in the central western region of New South Wales.","volume":"16","author":"Goldney D. C.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Ecol. Soc. Aust."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1986.tb01405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR9920055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR9890213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-1987(84)90004-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"HowlingG.(1996)Temperate Woodlands: Their Conservation Status in Australia. WWF Australia Sydney."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(94)00122-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"LantzkeN.(1992)Soils of the Northam Advisory District 1The Zone of Ancient Drainage. Department of Agriculture Western Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00158553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.1996.tb00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PC940209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"LudwigJ. A. TongwayD. J. FreudenbergerD. NobleJ. HogkinsonK.(1997)Landscape Ecology Function and Management Principles from Australia\u2019s Rangelands. CSIRO Australia Melbourne."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Management of remnant lowland grasslands and grassy woodlands for nature conservation: a review.","volume":"108","author":"Lunt I. D.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vic. Natur."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"McArthurW. M.(1991)Reference Soils of South\u2010Western Australia. Department of Agriculture Western Australia Perth."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3235861"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MainB. Y.(1992) Social history and impact on landscape (with Trayning: case history of a shire by D. Couper). In:Reintegrating Fragmented Landscapes Towards Sustainable Production and Nature Conservation(eds R. J. Hobbs & D. A. Saunders) pp. 23\u201365. Springer\u2010Verlag New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-9214-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"MooreR. M.(1970) South\u2010eastern temperate woodlands and grasslands. In:Australian Grasslands(ed. R. M. Moore) pp. 169\u201390. Australian National University Press Canberra."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","unstructured":"NulsenR. A.(1992) Changes in soil properties. In:Reintegrating Fragmented Landscapes Towards Sustainable Production and Nature Conservation(eds R. J. Hobbs & D. A. Saunders) pp. 107\u201345. Springer\u2010Verlag New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1988.03615995005200050001x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3236263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT9960057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"The ecology and genetics of remnant grassy white box woodlands in relation to their conservation.","volume":"110","author":"Prober S. M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vic. Natur."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT9950349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AR9930317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","unstructured":"RobinsonD.&TraillB.(1996) Conserving woodland birds in the wheat and sheep belts of southern Australia.RAOU Conservation Statement10(Supplement toWingspan 6)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","unstructured":"ScougallS. A. MajerJ. D. HobbsR. J.(1993) Edge effects in grazed and ungrazed Western Australian wheatbelt remnants in relation to ecosystem reconstruction. In:Nature Conservation 3: Reconstruction of Fragmented Ecosystems Global and Regional Perspectives(eds D. A. Saunders R. J. Hobbs & P. R. Ehrlich) pp. 163\u201378. Surrey Beatty and Sons Chipping Norton New South Wales."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Conservation of remnant vegetation in the box and ironbark lands of New South Wales.","volume":"110","author":"Sivertsen D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vic. Natur."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1982.tb01755.x","article-title":"Organic matter and water\u2010stable aggregates in soils.","volume":"33","author":"Tisdall J. M.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","unstructured":"TongwayD. J.(1991) Functional analysis of degraded rangelands as a means of defining appropriate restoration techniques. In:Proceedings of Fourth International Rangeland Congress Association Francaise de Pastoralisme(eds A. Gaston M. Kerrick & H. Le Houerou) pp. 166\u20138. Offset 2000 Montpellier France."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","unstructured":"TongwayD. J.(1994).Rangeland Soil Condition Assessment Manual. CSIRO Melbourne Australia Canberra."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1990.tb01017.x","article-title":"Vegetation and soil patterning in the semi arid mulga lands of Eastern Australia.","volume":"15","author":"Tongway D. J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust. J. Ecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","unstructured":"TongwayD. J.&LudwigJ. A.(1993) Rehabilitation of mine sites and pastoral lands: the ecosystem function approach. In:Proceedings of the Goldfields International Conference on Arid Landcare(ed. M. di Russo) pp. 51\u20137. Mileno di Russo Hamilton Hill Western Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PC940201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.1996.tb00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT9940641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.1995.tb00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SR9840343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"The effect of grazing on Australian ecosystems.","volume":"16","author":"Wilson A. D.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Ecol. Soc. Aust."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","unstructured":"YatesC. J.(1995) Factors Limiting the Recruitment ofEucalyptus salmonophloiaF. Muell. (salmon gum). PhD Thesis Murdoch University Perth Western Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT96091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-100X.1997.09703.x"}],"container-title":["Austral Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1442-9993.2000.01030.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1442-9993.2000.01030.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T08:34:22Z","timestamp":1698568462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1442-9993.2000.01030.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1442-9993.2000.01030.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1442-9993.2000.01030.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1442-9985","1442-9993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1442-9985","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-9993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-06-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}