{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:11:36Z","timestamp":1792501896484,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,14]],"date-time":"2002-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1016064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Occasionally patients present with acute testicular pain having undergone a previous testicular fixation for torsion. The aim of this article is to review the literature and determine whether recurrent torsion of the testis is possible and whether the technique used at initial fixation is relevant.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Pre\u2010MEDLINE, EMBASE and CIANHL databases using the terms \u2018spermatic cord torsion\u2019 and \u2018testicular torsion\u2019 in combination with \u2018treatment failure\u2019, \u2018re\u2010operation\u2019 or \u2018recurrence\u2019.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Twenty cases of recurrent testicular torsion after fixation are described. Fifteen of the 17 that specified the type of suture used at initial fixation had used absorbable suture. Animal models suggest that to produce dense adhesions at testicular fixation, the tunica vaginalis must be everted behind the testis with or without fixation, before the testis is returned to the scrotum. Without this eversion, the adhesions around the testis are fine and only located at the site of fixation suture. The use of non\u2010absorbable suture led to abscess formation in 30% of testes in animal models.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: The higher incidence of recurrent torsion after fixation using absorbable rather than non\u2010absorbable sutures in the literature may be caused by a greater number of fixations being carried out using absorbable suture. Use of non\u2010absorbable suture is limited by the high rate of abscess formation. The most important factor for adhesion formation would appear to be the eversion of the tunica vaginalis and it is recommended that this is carried out at all testicular fixations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2002.02295.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T02:47:20Z","timestamp":1047350840000},"page":"46-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Recurrent torsion after previous testicular fixation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"Sells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey D.","family":"Burfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"RajferJ.Congenital Anomalies of the testis and scrotum. In: Walsh P (ed.)Campbell\u2019s Urology.7th edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company 1998; Ch. 72."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60168-X","article-title":"Torsion of the previously operated testicle.","volume":"110","author":"Johenning P.","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(75)90307-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(77)80014-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800670218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(80)90598-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(80)90606-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Torsion following orchidopexy.","volume":"80","author":"Kossow AS.","year":"1980","journal-title":"N. Y. State J. 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