{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:16:27Z","timestamp":1792624587094,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,19]],"date-time":"2002-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1016496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ANZ Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Traditional management of choledocholithiasis has been supraduodenal choledochotomy, duct exploration and insertion of a T\u2010tube. This study reviews the complications associated with T\u2010tube use and assesses whether laparoscopic procedures are associated with an increase in complications relating to T\u2010tube use.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: Case records from two large public hospitals in New South Wales (Australia) were analysed retrospectively for a 10\u2010year period using a standardized data collection form. Morbidity, mortality and potential factors influencing the complication rate after choledochotomy and T\u2010tube insertion were recorded. All complications were reviewed by an experienced biliary surgeon.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: T\u2010tubes were inserted in 274 patients, with 42 patients (15.3%) experiencing a total of 60 complications relating to T\u2010tube use. Morbidity occurring while the tube was <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> included fluid and electrolyte disturbance (five patients), sepsis (10 patients), premature dislodgement (three patients) and bile leakage (six patients). Complications resulting after planned tube removal included localized pain (13 patients), biliary peritonitis (seven patients), a prolonged biliary fistula (seven patients) and a late bile duct stricture (one patient). T\u2010tube complications resulted in a prolonged hospital stay (19 days <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 13 days, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), 10 additional abdominal operations and two deaths. Complications related to T\u2010tubes were constant over the study period and were similar between laparoscopic and open cases (13.8%<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 15.5%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.81).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: Although this retrospective review is likely to have underestimated the incidence of T\u2010tube complications, it has demonstrated significant morbidity associated with T\u2010tube use. The incidence of these complications has been constant and is unrelated to a laparoscopic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2002.02308.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T02:48:29Z","timestamp":1047350909000},"page":"177-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Complications of biliary T\u2010tubes after choledochotomy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Vanessa L.","family":"Wills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costa","family":"Karihaloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John O.","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"EllisH.Choledocholithiasis. 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