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Pressure mildly reduced the PF volley amplitude and to a greater extent depressed the excitatory field postsynaptic potential (fPSP). The depression of the PF volley was noted even at supramaximal stimulus intensities, indicating an effect of pressure on the amplitude of the action potential in each axon. Low concentrations of TTX mimicked the effects of pressure on the PF volley without affecting the fPSP. Application \u03c9\u2010conotoxin GVIA (\u03c9\u2010CgTx) reduced the synaptic efficacy by 34.3\u2003\u00b1\u20032.7%. However, in the presence of \u03c9\u2010CgTx the synaptic depression at pressure was significantly reduced. Reduced Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> entry by application of Cd<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> or low [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> did not have a similar influence on the effects of pressure. Application of \u03c9\u2010AGA IVA, \u03c9\u2010AGA TK and Funnel\u2010web spider toxin did not affect the synaptic response in concentrations that usually block P\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels, whilst the N\/P\/Q\u2010type blocker \u03c9\u2010conotoxin MVIIC reduced the response to 52.7\u2003\u00b1\u20035.0% indicating the involvement of Q\u2010type channels and R\u2010type channels in the non\u2010N\u2010type fraction of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> entry. The results demonstrate that N\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels play a crucial role in the induction of PF synaptic depression at pressure. This finding suggests a coherent mechanism for the induction of CNS hyperexcitability at pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00303.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,6]],"date-time":"2003-03-06T14:28:18Z","timestamp":1046960898000},"page":"4007-4016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Pressure\u2010induced depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellar parallel fibre synapse involves suppression of presynaptic N\u2010type Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> channels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yoram","family":"Etzion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoram","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1983.tb10010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014467"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"756","article-title":"Stages in development of high pressure neurological syndrome in the mouse","volume":"46","author":"Brauer R.W.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. 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