{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:52:20Z","timestamp":1791172340724,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,10]],"date-time":"2003-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1042156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls the circadian rhythm of melatonin synthesis in the mammalian pineal gland by a multisynaptic pathway including, successively, preautonomic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord and noradrenergic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). In order to clarify the role of each of these structures in the generation of the melatonin synthesis rhythm, we first investigated the day\u2010 and night\u2010time capacity of the rat pineal gland to produce melatonin after bilateral SCN lesions, PVN lesions or SCG removal, by measurements of arylalkylamine <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyltransferase (AA\u2010NAT) gene expression and pineal melatonin content. In addition, we followed the endogenous 48\u2003h\u2010pattern of melatonin secretion in SCN\u2010lesioned vs. intact rats, by microdialysis in the pineal gland. Corticosterone content was measured in the same dialysates to assess the SCN lesions effectiveness. All treatments completely eliminated the day\/night difference in melatonin synthesis. In PVN\u2010lesioned and ganglionectomised rats, AA\u2010NAT levels and pineal melatonin content were low (i.e. 12% of night\u2010time control levels) for both day\u2010 and night\u2010time periods. In SCN\u2010lesioned rats, AA\u2010NAT levels were intermediate (i.e. 30% of night\u2010time control levels) and the 48\u2010h secretion of melatonin presented constant levels not exceeding 20% of night\u2010time control levels. The present results show that ablation of the SCN not only removes an inhibitory input but also a stimulatory input to the melatonin rhythm generating system. Combination of inhibitory and stimulatory SCN outputs could be of a great interest for the mechanism of adaptation to day\u2010length (i.e. adaptation to seasons).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02442.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,6]],"date-time":"2003-03-06T14:50:31Z","timestamp":1046962231000},"page":"221-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Suprachiasmatic control of melatonin synthesis in rats: inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Perreau\u2010Lenz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andries","family":"Kalsbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Laure","family":"Garidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joke","family":"Wortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Van Der Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Van Heijningen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Simonneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"P\u00e9vet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud M.","family":"Buijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1999.tb00615.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod40.1.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90235-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35081582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Practical Nonparametric Statistics","author":"Conover W.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00411-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.4.R1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66020748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00197-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021724"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.2.705"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00337-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.11.5962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60414-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00635-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90848-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(83)90033-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90913-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90188-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","unstructured":"Perreau S. 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