{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T10:41:44Z","timestamp":1768905704833,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,11]],"date-time":"2002-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1039564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims<\/jats:bold> Pertussis has been implicated but not proven as a risk for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous studies have investigated paediatric, but not adult\u2010onset Type 1 DM. We investigated association of pertussis exposures and Type 1 DM with follow\u2010up into adulthood.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold> Longitudinal analysis of 16\u00a0820 members (100 with Type 1 DM) of two nationally representative British birth cohorts (the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS)) followed from birth to ages 30\u00a0years (BCS70) and 42\u00a0years (NCDS). Cox regression analysis with age of onset for Type 1 DM as the dependent variable investigated relationships with pertussis infection and immunization, modelled as time\u2010dependent co\u2010variates. Simultaneous adjustment was made for Wild measles, mumps and chickenpox infections; tetanus and smallpox immunizations; sex, parental social class and cohort. The potential confounding factors were modelled as fixed co\u2010variates.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> Cox regression analysis produced adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 2.21 (1.35\u20133.59) and 0.73 (0.49\u20131.05) for Type 1 DM (with onset at any age) associated with pertussis infections and immunization (trend over number of vaccinations), respectively. Adjusted ORs from Cox regression for Type 1 DM with onset after age 10\u00a0years are 2.59 (1.56\u20134.30) for pertussis infection and 0.63 (0.42\u20130.94) for pertussis immunization. None of the other infections or immunizations are notably associated with Type 1 DM.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold> Some pertussis infections may be a risk for Type 1 DM and immunization may confer protection. Further research should consider delayed Type 1 DM following pertussis exposures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Diabet. Med. 19, 986\u2013993 (2002)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00841.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T14:54:26Z","timestamp":1047394466000},"page":"986-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Pertussis infection in childhood and subsequent Type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"S. M.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. G. C.","family":"Ehlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ekbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000716"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939608995359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The timing of pediatric immunization and the risk of insulin\u2010dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Classen DC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infectious Dis Clin Prac"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.7.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.2.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.10.1694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418272"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5246.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02088342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91841-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.16.5605-5613.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(94)90051-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","volume-title":"An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS).","author":"Ekinsmyth C","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","volume-title":"Twenty\u2010Something in the 1990s","author":"Bynner JM","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","volume-title":"Life at 33: the Fifth Follow\u2010Up of the National Child Development Study","author":"Ferri E","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","volume-title":"SPSS User's Guide.","author":"Norusis","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","unstructured":"Public Health Laboratory Service2002; Immunisation coverage.www.phls.co.uk"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2001.0907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.4.534-536.1999","article-title":"Outcomes of Bordetella infections in vaccinated children: effects of bacterial number in the nasopharynx and patient age","volume":"6","author":"He QS","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Diagnostic Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91470-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113874"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","volume-title":"Natural History of Infectious Disease","author":"Burnet M","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.77.5.384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.5.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198402000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230318"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1464-5491.2002.00841.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00841.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T20:08:55Z","timestamp":1697573335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00841.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00841.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2002.00841.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-12-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}