{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:53:23Z","timestamp":1790459603878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,4]],"date-time":"2002-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":429,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rosacea is a common chronic dermatosis that evolves in stages. The mite <jats:italic>Demodex folliculorum<\/jats:italic> has been implicated in its obscure aetiopathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the importance of <jats:italic>D. folliculorum<\/jats:italic> in the aetiology and course of rosacea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 92 consecutive cases of papulopustular rosacea and 92 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls. Prevalence and density of <jats:italic>D. folliculorum<\/jats:italic> were estimated by microscopic examination of the expressed follicular content. Histological examination and immunohistochemical study of the inflammatory infiltrate were performed in 10 subjects (five with positive <jats:italic>D. folliculorum<\/jats:italic> finding and five with negative finding).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> <jats:italic>D. folliculorum<\/jats:italic> was detected in 83 (90.2%) of the 92 rosacea subjects but only 11 (11.9%) of the controls. The mean mite density was 2.03 mites\/visual field in the rosacea group (range 0\u20135, SD\u00a0=\u00a01.2) and 0.16 mites\/visual field (range 0\u20132, SD\u00a0=\u00a00.52) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) for both mite prevalence and density. Hair follicle infestation was associated with intense perifollicular infiltrate of predominantly (90\u201395%) CD4 helper\/inducer T cells. We observed an increased number of macrophages and Langerhans cells only in those subjects with a positive <jats:italic>D. folliculorum<\/jats:italic> finding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although <jats:italic>Demodex<\/jats:italic> mites do not seem to be the cause of rosacea, they may represent an important cofactor, especially in papulopustular rosacea. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, possibly triggered by antigens of follicular origin, probably related to <jats:italic>D. folliculorum<\/jats:italic>, may occur, stimulating progression of the affection to the papulopustular stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00331.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T04:40:51Z","timestamp":1047444051000},"page":"441-444","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Increased density of <i>Demodex folliculorum<\/i> and evidence of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in subjects with papulopustular rosacea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Georgala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AC","family":"Katoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GD","family":"Kylafis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Koumantaki\u2010Mathioudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Georgala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Aroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690030091015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"727","volume-title":"Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Plewig G","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890370055009","article-title":"Ocular rosacea","volume":"133","author":"Quarterman MJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000250228"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1976.tb00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1961.01580110104016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum und die histogenese der granulomatosen rosacea","volume":"25","author":"Grosshans EM","year":"1974","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5292.1625-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"489","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum ed acne rosacea","volume":"116","author":"Varotti C","year":"1981","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum und rosacea: experimentalle und immunologische studien","volume":"55","author":"Grosshans E","year":"1980","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1965.01600170058008","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum and rosacea","volume":"92","author":"Robinson TWE","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1969.01610300033005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"801","article-title":"Rosacee: etude histopathologique de 75 cas","volume":"115","author":"Ramelet AA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70086-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"A study on Demodex folliculorum in rosacea","volume":"27","author":"Abd\u2010El\u2010AL AM","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Demodecidosis y dermatitis rosaceiforme","volume":"2","author":"Hojyo Tomoka MT","year":"1976","journal-title":"Med Cutan Iber Lat Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70065-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Demodex et inflammation perifolliculaire chez l\u2019homme: revue et observation de 69 biopsies","volume":"113","author":"Forton F","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70137-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Demodex folliculorum in hair follicles of eyelid skin","volume":"11","author":"Roth AM","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000249558"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1980.tb01669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","first-page":"449","article-title":"Zur pathogenese der granulomatosen rosacea","volume":"51","author":"Erlach E","year":"1976","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02125.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1468-3083.2001.00331.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00331.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T19:01:02Z","timestamp":1697655662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00331.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00331.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00331.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}}}