{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T11:50:04Z","timestamp":1762429804124},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,27]],"date-time":"2002-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acad Dermatol Venereol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold> Sulphur mineral waters may have anti\u2010inflammatory effects on human skin. We evaluated the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of Leopoldine spa water, a salso\u2010sulphate water (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#t1\">Table\u00a01<\/jats:ext-link>), on human skin tested with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:table-wrap>\n\n<jats:caption><jats:title>Chemical composition of the Leopoldine spa water<\/jats:title><\/jats:caption>\n\n<jats:table frame=\"hsides\">\n<jats:col \/>\n<jats:col \/>\n<jats:thead>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:th>Ions<\/jats:th>\n<jats:th>g\/L<\/jats:th>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<\/jats:thead>\n<jats:tbody>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>\u20027.348<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>\u20020.196<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>\u20020.167<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>\u20020.858<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>12.048<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2\u2013<\/jats:sup><\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>\u20021.930<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>\u20020.732<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>pH<\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>\u20026.73<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<jats:tr>\n<jats:td>Fixed residue at 180\u00a0\u00b0C (g\/L)<\/jats:td>\n<jats:td>24.18<\/jats:td>\n<\/jats:tr>\n<\/jats:tbody>\n<\/jats:table>\n\n<\/jats:table-wrap><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Patients and methods<\/jats:bold> Ten healthy, Caucasian volunteers 28\u201353\u00a0years old were enrolled in this study. SLS was tested on the right arm, in two concentrations (0.5% and 1%) dissolved in both double\u2010distilled non\u2010pyrogenic water and Leopoldine spa water in four separate test tubes; 0.02\u00a0mL of each solution was applied via the testing apparatus (Vand der Bend chambers, four squares measuring 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\u00a0cm), which was fixed and remained in contact with the skin surface. The anti\u2010inflammatory effect was measured via the variations of redness (chromometry, parameter a*), using a Minolta CR 200 chromometer.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> At base condition the values of a* of the areas that were tested ranged from 7.11 to 9.30 with a mean of 7.97. In regard to the reaction caused by SLS dissolved in double\u2010distilled water, the values of a* ranged from 8.98 to 9.53, mean 9.24, for 0.5% SLS and from 12.81 to 14.33, mean 13.59, for 1% SLS. The a* values for the cutaneous reaction caused by SLS dissolved in Leopoldine spa water ranged from 7.22 to 9.60 (mean 8.20) for 0.5% SLS and from 10.8 to 12.36 (mean 11.68) for the 1% SLS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold> These data show the potential anti\u2010inflammatory effects of Leopoldine mineral water on human skin affected by modest inflammatory reactions caused by the direct application of the chemical irritant SLS. Leopoldine spa water can, thus, be considered a natural therapeutic alternative for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00451.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T04:42:04Z","timestamp":1047444124000},"page":"263-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Inhibitory effects of Leopoldine spa water on inflammation caused by sodium lauryl sulphate"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Hercogova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Stanghellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Tsoureli\u2010Nikita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Menchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"751","volume-title":"Manuale Di Dermocosmetologia","author":"Lotti T","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(96)00083-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(96)00100-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(96)00099-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"The medical and scientific aspects of SPA therapy","volume":"32","author":"Thisler M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.11.1416"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(96)00085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12876053"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Pouvoir antioxydant d\u2019une eau thermale s\u00e8leni\u00e8e sur des fibroblasts cutan\u00e8s humains diploides","volume":"9","author":"Richard MJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nouv Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"266","article-title":"Effect protecteur de l\u2019application percutan\u00e8e d\u2019eau thermale de la Roche\u2010Posay vis a vis de la peroxydation lipidique et de la carcinog\u00e8n\u00e8se cutan\u00e8e induites par les UVB","volume":"10","author":"Cadi R","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nouv Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Beta\u2010endorphins serum levels of the mud\u2010bath in Montecatini","volume":"2","author":"Scalabrino A","year":"1994","journal-title":"Current International"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","first-page":"XXIX","article-title":"\u2018L\u2019eau thermale d\u2019Av\u00e8ne\u2019 nel trattamento della \u2018pelle sensibile\u2019","volume":"127","author":"Ghersetich I","year":"1992","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)91395-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.1994.tb00087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.1994.tb00398.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1468-3083.2002.00451.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00451.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T11:38:44Z","timestamp":1697542724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00451.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00451.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00451.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0926-9959","1468-3083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0926-9959","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}