{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T14:19:50Z","timestamp":1794406790565,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,10]],"date-time":"2003-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1047254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bone\u2010 and cartilage\u2010derived morphogenetic proteins (BMPs and CDMPs), which are TGF\u03b2 superfamily members, are growth and differentiation factors that have been recently isolated, cloned and biologically characterized. They are important regulators of key events in the processes of bone formation during embryogenesis, postnatal growth, remodelling and regeneration of the skeleton. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical methods to investigate the distribution of BMP\u20102, \u20103, \u20105, \u20106, \u20107 and CDMP\u20101, \u20102, \u20103 in human osteophytes (abnormal bony outgrowths) isolated from osteoarthritic hip and knee joints from patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery. All osteophytes consisted of three different areas of active bone formation: (1) endochondral bone formation within cartilage residues; (2) intramembranous bone formation within the fibrous tissue cover and (3) bone formation within bone marrow spaces. The immunohistochemistry of certain BMPs and CDMPs in each of these three different bone formation sites was determined. The results indicate that each BMP has a distinct pattern of distribution. Immunoreactivity for BMP\u20102 was observed in fibrous tissue matrix as well as in osteoblasts; BMP\u20103 was mainly present in osteoblasts; BMP\u20106 was restricted to young osteocytes and bone matrix; BMP\u20107 was observed in hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts and young osteocytes of both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation sites. CDMP\u20101, \u20102 and \u20103 were strongly expressed in all cartilage cells. Surprisingly, BMP\u20103 and \u20106 were found in osteoclasts at the sites of bone resorption. Since a similar distribution pattern of bone morphogenetic proteins was observed during embryonal bone development, it is suggested that osteophyte formation is regulated by the same molecular mechanism as normal bone during embryogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2003.00158.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,12]],"date-time":"2010-10-12T17:44:28Z","timestamp":1286905468000},"page":"269-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and cartilage\u2010derived morphogenetic proteins during osteophyte formation in humans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Sanja","family":"Zoricic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Maric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragica","family":"Bobinac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slobodan","family":"Vukicevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Differential expression of collagen types I, II, III, and X in human osteophytes","volume":"73","author":"Aigner T","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab. 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