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The structure of the phospholipid was characterized as lysophosphatidylinositol by means of thin\u2010layer chromatography, gas\u2013liquid chromatography, and negative\u2010ion fast\u2010atom\u2010bombardment mass spectrometry. The major fatty acid component of this phospholipid was stearic acid (&gt;\u200381%). Our data suggest the possible involvement of a lysophospholipid antigen in the immunopathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies with severe motor and sensory dysfunctions. 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