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Expression of NO synthase type II (NOS\u20102) mRNA, protein and enzyme activity were investigated in mouse cerebrovascular endothelial cells exposed to sonicated <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>. The production of nitrite peaked after 48\u2003h of incubation, and this reflected transcriptional activation of the NOS\u20102 gene and increased expression of the NOS\u20102 protein. This endothelial response was independent of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide production. Endothelial cell death occurred as a result of NO production, and addition of a NOS inhibitor prevented cell death, but the cells did not exhibit features of apoptosis. However, inhibition of poly (ADP\u2010ribose) polymerase (PARP) decreased the rate of cell death by more than 40%. These data indicate that <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic> increases expression of NOS\u20102 in endothelial cells and causes cell death. Such an effect could contribute to meningococcal entry into the CNS <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00816.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,16]],"date-time":"2003-05-16T11:36:37Z","timestamp":1053084997000},"page":"270-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Transcriptional activation of nitric oxide synthase\u20102, and NO\u2010induced cell death, in mouse cerebrovascular endothelium exposed to <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Despina","family":"Constantin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dlawer","family":"Ala'Aldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00105-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Neurological sequelae and fatality as prognostic measures in 875 cases of bacterial meningitis","volume":"35","author":"Bohr V. 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