{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:27:40Z","timestamp":1792661260451,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,20]],"date-time":"2002-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1019260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dopaminergic transmission has been suggested to be a primary mechanism mediating reinforcement, withdrawal and craving associated with psychostimulant addiction. Pyschostimulants attenuate dopamine transporter (DAT) clearance efficiency, resulting in a net increase in synaptic dopamine levels. Re\u2010uptake rate is determined by the number of functional DAT molecules at the membrane surface. Previous\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    imaging studies in humans and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies in post\u2010mortem human brain have demonstrated that chronic cocaine abuse results in a neuroadaptive increase in DAT\u2010binding site density in the limbic striatum. Whether this increase in DAT availability represents an increase in the functional activity of the transporter is unknown. Here, we present evidence that DAT function is elevated by chronic cocaine abuse. The effect of increasing post\u2010mortem interval on the functional viability of synaptosomes was modeled in the baboon brain. Baboon brains sampled under conditions similar to human brain autopsies yielded synaptosomal preparations that were viable up to 24\u2003h post\u2010mortem. Dopamine (DA) uptake was elevated twofold in the ventral striatum from cocaine users as compared to age\u2010matched drug\u2010free control subjects. The levels of [\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    H]DA uptake were not elevated in victims of excited cocaine delirium, who experienced paranoia and marked agitation prior to death. In keeping with the increase in DAT function, [\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    H]WIN 35,428 binding was increased in the cocaine users, but not in the victims of excited delirium. These results demonstrate that DA uptake function assayed in cryopreserved human brain synaptosomes is a suitable approach for testing hypotheses of the mechanisms underlying human brain disorders and for studying the actions of addictive drugs in man.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00820.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,16]],"date-time":"2003-05-16T07:36:37Z","timestamp":1053070597000},"page":"292-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Dopamine transport function is elevated in cocaine users"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Deborah C.","family":"Mash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinjie","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Lee","family":"Hearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"Izenwasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01345-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.16.030193.000445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199211000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00293-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7109","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-18-07109.2000","article-title":"Acute and chronic dopamine dynamics in a non\u2010human primate model of recreational cocaine use","volume":"20","author":"Bradberry C. W.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Structural domains of catecholamine transporter chimeras involved in selective inhibition by antidepressants and psychomotor stimulants","volume":"48","author":"Buck K. J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Behavioral effects of novel cocaine analogs: a comparison with in vivo receptor binding potency","volume":"260","author":"Cline E. J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-199204000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02834357"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00079-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"900","article-title":"Emerging pattterns of cocaine use and the epidemic of cocaine overdose deaths in Dade County, Florida","volume":"115","author":"Escobedo L. G.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","article-title":"Drug interactions with the dopamine transporter in cryopreserved human caudate","volume":"296","author":"Eshleman A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(93)90029-J","article-title":"(1993) Molecular characterization of the dopamine transporter","volume":"14","author":"Giros B.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)33961-3","article-title":"Delineation of discrete domains for substrate, cocaine, and tricyclic antidepressant interactions using chimeric dopamine\u2010norepinephrine transporters","volume":"269","author":"Giros B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1224","article-title":"[3H]WIN 35,428 ([3H]CFT) binds to multiple charge\u2010states of the solubilized dopamine transporter in primate striatum","volume":"273","author":"Gracz L. M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02098504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(94)90270-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890130408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012347360-8\/50003-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90365-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"The cocaine analog WIN 35,428 binds to two sites in fresh rat caudate\u2010putamen: significance of assay procedures","volume":"52","author":"Izenwasser S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Life Sci.\/Pharmacol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Medications development at the National Institute on Drug Abuse: focus on cocaine","volume":"135","author":"Johnson D. N.","year":"1993","journal-title":"NIDA. Res. Monogr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00441-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb08847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02799.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"716","article-title":"Dopamine transporter proline mutations influence dopamine uptake, cocaine analog recognition and expression","volume":"14","author":"Lin Z.","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90932-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.9.793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.2.238","article-title":"Striatal dopaminergic abnormalities in human cocaine users","volume":"156","author":"Little K. Y.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08417.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(92)90178-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"Cocaine receptors labeled by [3H]2\u03b2\u2010carbomethoxy\u20103\u03b2\u2010(4\u2010fluorophenyl) tropane","volume":"36","author":"Madras B. K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.6.832","article-title":"Elevated striatal dopamine transporters during acute cocaine abstinence as measured by [123I]\u03b2\u2010CIT SPECT","volume":"155","author":"Malison R. T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Neurotransmitter Transporters. Structure and Function","author":"Mash D. C.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Pharmacological heterogeneity of the cloned and native human dopamine transporter. Dissociation of [3H]WIN 35,428 and [3H]GBR 12935 binding","volume":"45","author":"Pristupa Z. B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00168692"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2820058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(90)90466-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Fatal excited delirium following cocaine use: Epidemiologic findings provide new evidence for mechanisms of cocaine toxicity","volume":"42","author":"Ruttenber A. J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anal Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00065-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","first-page":"1678","article-title":"High\u2010affinity cocaine recognition sites on the dopamine transporter are elevated in fatal cocaine overdose victims","volume":"271","author":"Staley J. K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"Altered dopaminergic synaptic markers in cocaine psychosis and sudden death","volume":"153","author":"Staley J. K.","year":"1995","journal-title":"NIDA Res. Monogr. Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(98)96033-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","first-page":"956","article-title":"Photoaffinity\u2010labeled ligand binding domains on dopamine transporters identified by peptide mapping","volume":"47","author":"Vaughan R. A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-01-00419.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Overview. medications development for the treatment of drug abuse","volume":"149","author":"Vocci F.","year":"1995","journal-title":"NIDA. Res. Monogr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","first-page":"888","article-title":"Decreased binding of 11\u2010C\u2010cocaine in the brain of cocaine addicts","volume":"33","author":"Volkow N. D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386827a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02834269"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11020J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(96)90066-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400312"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.2002.00820.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00820.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T12:48:09Z","timestamp":1733575689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00820.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00820.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00820.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}