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In the pineal gland, transcription of the gene is activated in response to an intracellular circadian increase of the cAMP concentration. We have previously shown that transcription of a 2.1\u2010kb fragment of the human TPH promoter is induced by cAMP, although it lacks the canonical cAMP responsive element, CRE. The minimal promoter (\u221273\/+29) has only weak transcriptional activity but is responsive to cAMP. It contains an inverted CCAAT box, which was demonstrated to be involved in this response. Here, we have extended our investigation to the functional features of the inverted CCAAT box in the \u2212252\/+29 TPH promoter, which has a higher basal activity. We show that an additional <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\u2010acting sequence, the adjacent GC\u2010rich region, cooperates with the inverted CCAAT box for the full activation of basal transcription, and that both elements are essential for the full cAMP response. We also show that in pinealocytes, NF\u2010Y and Sp1 transactivators bind the inverted CCAAT box and GC\u2010rich\u2010region, respectively. These factors participate in a novel pathway for the cAMP\u2010mediated response of the TPH promoter, which is independent of the canonical CRE\u2010mediated response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00890.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T07:00:46Z","timestamp":1047452446000},"page":"673-685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Involvement of NF\u2010Y and Sp1 in basal and cAMP\u2010stimulated transcriptional activation of the tryptophan hydroxylase (<i>TPH<\/i>) gene in the pineal gland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Schussler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Boularand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Peirotes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Th\u00e9venot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Vodjdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.19.4413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.11.6979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.003341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/18.14.4257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.8.3748"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.8.3757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(90)90223-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-103-4-1483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.5.2100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7824954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90483-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(98)00219-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.49.30880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(86)81337-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1988.tb04871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/17.16.6439"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.13.2578"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90513-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490240412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.29.18499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb06346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.14.3.1582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90137-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FanielloM. 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