{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:25:26Z","timestamp":1787066726248,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,6]],"date-time":"2002-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1023321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In order to investigate the mechanisms responsible for adaptation to altered gravity, we assessed the changes in mRNA expression of glutamate receptors in vestibular ganglion cells, medial vestibular nucleus, spinal vestibular nucleus\/lateral vestibular nucleus, cerebellar flocculus, and uvula\/nodulus from rats exposed to hypergravity for 2\u2003h to 1\u2003week using real\u2010time quantitative RT\u2010PCR methods. The mRNA expression of GluR2 and NR1 receptors in the uvula\/nodulus and NR1 receptors in the medial vestibular nucleus increased in animals exposed to 2\u2003h of hypergravity, and it decreased gradually to the control level. The mRNA expression of GluR2 receptors in vestibular ganglion cells decreased in animals exposed to 1\u2003week of hypergravity. Neither the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 nor \u03b42 glutamate receptor in flocculus and uvula\/nodulus was affected by a hypergravity load for 2\u2003h to 1\u2003week. It is suggested that the animals adapted to the hypergravity by enhancing the cerebellar inhibition of the vestibular nucleus neurons through activation of the NR1 and GluR2 receptors on the Purkinje cells in uvula\/nodulus especially at the early phase following hypergravity. In the later phase following hypergravity, the animals adapted to the hypergravity by reducing the neurotransmission between the vestibular hair cells and the primary vestibular neurons via down\u2010regulation of the postsynaptic GluR2 receptors in the vestibular periphery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00933.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T02:00:53Z","timestamp":1047434453000},"page":"1308-1317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Quantitative changes in mRNA expression of glutamate receptors in the rat peripheral and central vestibular systems following hypergravity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Uno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arata","family":"Horii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuhiko","family":"Uno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Fuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munehisa","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90205-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489509125264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199404000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00070-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200008030-00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.16.7276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210100763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-299X(01)00139-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11288-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00944-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53849-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.05.030182.001423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90334-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-11-04489.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(98)00228-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901840204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"705","article-title":"Observations on saccules of rats exposed to long\u2010term hypergravity","volume":"45","author":"Lim D. 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