{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:50:23Z","timestamp":1791021023327,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,17]],"date-time":"2002-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1034812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Helicobacter"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold> VacA is an important pathogenetic factor produced by <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>. VacA has often been detected in supernatants of liquid cultures or lysates of whole bacterial cells. However, no studies have ever tried to assay VacA produced in the human stomach. We applied a very sensitive and simple method, bead\u2010ELISA, to detect VacA in gastric juice.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods.<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010eight <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive patients (16 nonulcer dyspepsia, 16 gastric ulcer, and 16 duodenal ulcer) and four <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010negative nonulcer dyspepsia patients had endoscopy performed and gastric juice were aspirated. Polystyrene beads coated with the antibody to VacA, were used in this bead\u2010ELISA method. The nucleotide sequences of <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> in the signal and middle regions were investigated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold> Of the 48 samples that were positive for <jats:italic>H.\u00a0pylori<\/jats:italic>, 21 [43.8%] were found to be VacA positive in gastric juice. The average and maximum concentrations of detected VacA in gastric juice were 143.2\u00a0\u00b1 216.5 and 840\u00a0pg\/ml, respectively. The average density of VacA from gastric ulcer patients (227.5\u00a0\u00b1 276.7\u00a0pg\/ml) was higher than that found in nonulcer dyspepsia (51.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a039.8\u00a0pg\/ml) and duodenal ulcer (49.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021.5\u00a0pg\/ml) patients. There was no relationship between VacA in gastric juice and <jats:italic>vacA<\/jats:italic> genotype.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold> VacA in gastric juice could be directly detected by bead\u2010ELISA. In this study, the diversity of disease outcome was associated with not the quality but the quantity of VacA. Therefore, not only the quality but also the quantity of VacA is important etiological factors in the pathogenesis of mucosal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.2002.00097.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,11]],"date-time":"2003-03-11T23:23:12Z","timestamp":1047424992000},"page":"281-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Relationship Between Gastric Ulcer and <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> VacA Detected in Gastric Juice Using Bead\u2010ELISA 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