{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T21:28:46Z","timestamp":1773350926221,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,8]],"date-time":"2002-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1026086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:<\/jats:bold> Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type\u2010I (CRPS\u2010I) is a neuropathic pain syndrome resulting from complex pain mechanisms that involve several levels and components of the nervous system. CRPS\u2010I consists of multiple signs, including autonomic dysfunction, in the form of edema, vasomotor changes, motor dysfunctions, muscle spasms, tremors and dystonia, as well as burning pain, hypersensitivity and allodynia that could present in any combination. The treatment is progressive physical therapy rehabilitation program. Multiple analgesic modalities have been used to facilitate the rehabilitation program with varying rates of success. The most successful treatment is a multi\u2010disciplinary comprehensive approach, where initial pain control allows for physical and psychological interventions that are believed to be the basis for successful treatment.<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b1\"><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link> The pain in CRPS\u2010I may be mediated through the sympathetic nervous system, sympathetic maintained pain (SMP) or sympathetic independent pain (SIP)<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#b2\"><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1533-2500.2002.02010.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T18:37:09Z","timestamp":1047494229000},"page":"81-86","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epidural Infusion of Opiates and Local Anesthetics for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Sami","family":"Moufawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Malak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagy A.","family":"Mekhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199806000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02938148"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971030-00009","article-title":"Ramamurthy S. 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