{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:49:40Z","timestamp":1793137780967,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,28]],"date-time":"2002-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>BACKGROUND<\/jats:bold> : There has been continuing prog\u2010 ress in measures to reduce the risk of transfusion\u2010 transmitted infection, including introduction of serologic tests of increased sensitivity and the recent implementation of investigational NAT in small pools of samples.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:bold> : Data relating to all blood donations to the American Red Cross have been consolidated into a single database. The prevalence of confirmed\u2010positive test results for HBsAg, HCV, HIV, and HTLV were evaluated for each year for first\u2010time donors from 1995 through 2001. Incidence rates for these infections were evaluated among repeat donors having at least two donations in a 2\u2010year period. The frequencies of HIV\u20101 RNA\u2010 and HCV RNA\u2010positive, seronegative donations were assessed for first\u2010time and repeat donations. The relationship risk = (window period) \u00d7 (incidence) was used to assess residual risk among repeat donations and to evaluate the incidence of HCV and HIV infection among first\u2010time donors.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> : During the study period, prevalence rates for all markers declined significantly over time: in 2001, the rates per 100,000 were 75.6 for HBsAg, 299 for HCV, 9.7 for HIV, and 9.6 for HTLV; the corresponding incidence rates (\/100,000 person\u2010years) were 1.267, 1.889, 1.554, and 0.239, respectively. Estimates of residual risk in donations from repeat donors (after NAT) for HCV and HIV were 1 per 1,935,000 and 1 per 2,135,000, respectively. However, incidence rates for these agents are approximately two times greater among first\u2010time donors. For both HCV and HIV, NAT yield was concordant with that predicted by current window\u2010period models.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>CONCLUSION<\/jats:bold> : These data cover about half of all the whole blood collected in the United States. They suggest increasing improvement in transfusion safety and clearly define the benefit of pooled NAT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T22:50:24Z","timestamp":1047509424000},"page":"975-979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":517,"title":["Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window\u2010period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor\u2003population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"R.Y.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"IV","given":"E.P.","family":"Notari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.L.","family":"Stramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606273342601"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_6_3_2.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stramer SL Caglioti S Strong DM. NAT of the United States and Canadian blood supply. Transfusion 2000;40:1165\u20108","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2000.40101165.x"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_6_3_2.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"erratum inTransfusion 2001;41:1079.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021905715654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-10-199711150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38498257373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dodd RY. Germs gels and genomes: a personal recollection of 30 years in blood safety testing. In: Stramer SL ed. Blood safety in the new millennium. Bethesda: American Association of Blood Banks 2001:97\u2010122.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-6869-5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Risk of hepatitis and retroviral infections among blood donors and introduction of nucleic acid testing (NAT).","volume":"102","author":"Dodd RY","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Biol Stand"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"106S","article-title":"Resolution testing of HTLV I\/II screening test repeatedly reactive donor samples by the use of a dual EIA algorithm (abstract).","volume":"39","author":"Stramer SL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37697335159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"1S","article-title":"The yield of nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HIV and HCV RNA in a population of U.S. voluntary donors: relationship to contemporary measures of incidence (abstract).","volume":"40","author":"Dodd RY","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.2.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04719-4"}],"container-title":["Transfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1537-2995.2002.00174.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T10:24:46Z","timestamp":1694427886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-1132","1537-2995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-1132","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-2995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]}}}