{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:31:04Z","timestamp":1770895864542,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,8]],"date-time":"2002-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>BACKGROUND<\/jats:bold>: <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic> is a tick\u2010borne agent that is increasingly implicated in transfusion\u2010acquired infection, especially in immunocompromised and elderly recipients. To develop a test that can detect antibody responses to <jats:italic>B. microti,<\/jats:italic> peptide epitopes identified in two serocomplementary <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific antigens were used in a prototype EIA.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:bold>: A prototype peptide EIA was used to detect <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\u2010specific antibodies in 15 sera taken before infection and 107 taken after infection from 59 individuals with known tick\u2010borne infections previously confirmed by other methods. Three additional groups of samples were also tested: a proficiency panel of 18 sera positive for <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> by IFA, 38 sera from blood donors confirmed positive by IFA, and 30 sera from random blood donors.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>: The combination peptide detected 98 out of 107 sera taken after infection that were IgG blot positive (4 equivocal). This included all 12 samples that were PCR positive and six sera from smear\u2010negative patients that were confirmed positive by PCR, immunoblot, or IFA. Of the IgG blot\u2010positive specimens that were equivocal (four specimens) or did not react (nine specimens) by EIA, most had low IFA titers consistent with previous exposure. In a second evaluation, 15 out of 15 <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> IFA\u2010positive sera and 3 out of 3 <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic> IFA\u2010positive sera were positive, whereas sera from 30 random donors were negative. Finally, of 38 IFA\u2010positive blood\u2010donor samples, 35 were positive by peptide EIA. The three EIA\u2010negative sera were Western blot negative.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>CONCLUSION<\/jats:bold>: Reactivity of the <jats:italic>B. microti\u2010<\/jats:italic>specific peptide EIA shows a high correlation with IFA, PCR, and <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> immunoblot in confirmed <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> cases. The peptide EIA may be the most suitable <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> infection test for adaptation to the blood bank environment if testing for <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> is required in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00215.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T22:49:23Z","timestamp":1047509363000},"page":"1488-1496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Identification of <i>Babesia microti<\/i>\u2010specific immunodominant epitopes and development of a peptide EIA for detection of antibodies in serum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Raymond L.","family":"Houghton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary J.","family":"Homer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa D.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Sleath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Lodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Leiby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Persing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.24.3.446-447.1986","article-title":"Concurrent Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti in nymphal Ixodes dammini.","volume":"24","author":"Piesman J","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.1.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.10.927"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.2051-2052.1999","article-title":"Southern extension of the range of human babesiosis in the eastern United States.","volume":"37","author":"Eskow ES","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/76.5.563"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319742"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Babesiosis in a renal transplant recipient acquired through blood transfusion.","volume":"70","author":"Perdrizet GA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"1721","article-title":"Transfusion\u2010transmitted babesiosis in Ontario: first reported case in Canada.","volume":"164","author":"Kain KC","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.12.4511-4516.2000","article-title":"Transfusion\u2010acquired, autochthonous human babesiosis in Japan. 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Enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (Western blot) for human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type III\/lymphadenopathy associated virus (HTLV\u2010III\/LAV) antibodies. Department of Health and Human Services Publications. Immunology Series no. 15. 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