{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:38:30Z","timestamp":1788514710649,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,8]],"date-time":"2002-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>BACKGROUND<\/jats:bold>: A premature infant in California developed respiratory distress associated with infection with a protozoal parasite, <jats:italic>Babesia.<\/jats:italic> The infant had received two blood transfusions, one from the father and one from an anonymous donor (Donor A). This study describes the follow\u2010up required to identify the source and species of <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> that infected the infant.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:bold>: At the time of the infant's illness, whole blood from the infant, father, and mother was evaluated for <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> infection. Similar evaluation of whole blood from Donor A was performed 2 months after the suspected donation to the infant. Samples were tested using blood smear examination, serology, PCR, and hamster inoculation. Identity of the recovered <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> parasites was confirmed by DNA amplification by PCR, genetic sequencing of the 18S gene, and phylogenetic analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>: WA1\u2010type <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> was recovered from the infant. Neither parent was the source of infection. Serology and hamster inoculation confirmed WA1\u2010type  <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> infection in Donor A. DNA sequences of the 18S gene from the infant and donor isolates were 100% identical.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>CONCLUSION<\/jats:bold>: WA1\u2010type <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> infections may be difficult to detect among blood donors because such infections can be subclinical. This is the second WA1\u2010type <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> transmission via blood transfusion and the first in an infant. Physicians in the western United States should consider <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> as a possible cause of nonspecific febrile illness after a blood transfusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00245.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,12]],"date-time":"2003-03-12T22:49:23Z","timestamp":1047509363000},"page":"1482-1487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Investigation of transfusion transmission of a WA1\u2010type babesial parasite to a premature infant in California"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Kjemtrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis L.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherie","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Chervenak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00137-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","unstructured":"Telford SR III Spielman A. 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